| Literature DB >> 30880825 |
Wolfgang Janni1, Andreas Schneeweiss2, Volkmar Müller3, Achim Wöckel4, Michael P Lux5, Andreas D Hartkopf6, Naiba Nabieva5, Florin-Andrei Taran6, Hans Tesch7, Friedrich Overkamp8, Diana Lüftner9, Erik Belleville10, Florian Schütz11, Peter A Fasching5, Tanja N Fehm12, Hans-Christian Kolberg13, Johannes Ettl14.
Abstract
The treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer has developed further in recent years. In addition to therapeutic progress in the established subgroups (hormone receptor and HER2 status), there are now therapies which are geared to individual molecular characteristics, such as PARP inhibitor therapy in BRCA-mutated patients. In addition to this, tests are being developed which are intended to establish additional markers within subgroups in order to predict the efficacy of a therapy. PI3K mutation testing in HER2-negative, hormone-receptor-positive tumours and PD-L1 testing of immune cells in triple-negative tumours are expected to become established in clinical practice in order to select patients for the respective therapies. With new therapeutic approaches, new adverse effects also appear. The management of these adverse effects, just as those of classical therapy (supportive therapy), is essential with the introduction of new treatments in order to preserve patients' quality of life. Knowledge regarding measures to preserve and improve quality of life has significantly increased in recent years. Lifestyle factors should be taken into account, as should modern therapeutic methods. This review summarises the latest studies and publications and evaluates them in regard to the relevance for clinical practice.Entities:
Keywords: PARP; PD-L1; PI3K; advanced; alpelisib; atezolizumab; breast cancer; metastatic; supportive therapy
Year: 2019 PMID: 30880825 PMCID: PMC6414305 DOI: 10.1055/a-0842-6661
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd ISSN: 0016-5751 Impact factor: 2.915
Fig. 1Reference mechanisms in anti-HER2 therapy (NK: Natural Killer Cell, Tu: Tumor, E: estrogen, ER: estrogen receptor; modified according to: 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ).
Table 1 Examples of supportive measures (modified according to 7 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 70 ).
| Supportive measure | Basic | Further |
|---|---|---|
| Patient information | Information on the disease, therapy, adverse effects and self-help groups | Events for patients and family members |
| Information for family members | Information on the disease, therapy, adverse effects and self-help groups | Events for patients and family members |
| Physician information | Continuous information and further training in new and complex therapies | Establishment of multidisciplinary treatment of adverse effects for special therapies |
| Psycho-oncology | Provision of psycho-oncological care | Events for patients and family members |
| Pastoral care | Provision of pastoral care | Events for patients and family members |
| Musculoskeletal measures | Counselling on physical, functional activity | Physical therapy, drug therapy |
| Nutrition and digestion | In the case of some therapies: peristalsis inhibitors (e.g. loperamide), if necessary, infectious disease diagnostic testing | If needed: peristalsis inhibitors, anti-constipation therapy, infectious disease diagnostic testing, dietary consultation |
| Stomatitis | Counselling on nutrition, food intake | Topical therapy |
| Nausea and vomiting | Antiemetics according to guideline (incl. steroids, HT3-i and NK1-i) | Behavioural therapy, psycho-oncological support |
| Adverse dermatological effects | Information | Topical therapy |
| Infusion damage | Information | DMSO, dexrazoxane, surgical therapy |
| Neurotoxicity | Information, pain therapy, physical therapy | Drug therapy |
| Cardiotoxicity, rhythm | Information and knowledge about cardiotoxic substances, monitoring of heart function (LVEF, QTc time) | |
| Myelosuppression | Monitoring of blood values, knowledge about therapies which require primary prophylaxis | Colony-stimulating factors, erythropoietin, transfusions |
| Infections | Hepatitis B screening, anti-infectious therapy | Reserve therapeutic agents |
| Fatigue | Information | Psychosocial support |
| Sleep disorders | Information | Behavioural therapy |
| Pain | Tiered pain therapy, physical therapy | Pain specialist |
| Fertility | Contraception during therapy, effects of therapy on fertility | Cryopreservation, medical preservation of fertility |
| Menopausal symptoms | Information on the effects of therapy | Symptomatic therapy |
| Bone health | Bisphosphonates, denosumab, physical exercise, nutritional counselling | |
| Lifestyle | Counselling | |
| Long-term complications | Information, programmed aftercare | Symptom-oriented therapy |
Fig. 2Supportive measures as described in the application of www.onkowissen.de .
Fig. 3Composition and concept of the CARG (Cancer & Aging Research Group) Toxicity Tools.
Abb. 1Referenzmechanismen bei einer Anti-HER2-Therapie (NK: Natural-Killer-Zelle, E: Östrogen, ER: Östrogenrezeptor; modifiziert nach: 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ).
Tab. 1 Beispiele für supportive Maßnahmen (modifiziert nach 7 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 70 ).
| supportive Maßnahme | grundlegend | weiterführend |
|---|---|---|
| Patienteninformation | Informationen über Krankheit, Therapie, Nebenwirkungen und Selbsthilfegruppen | Patienten- und Angehörigenveranstaltungen |
| Angehörigeninformation | Informationen über Krankheit, Therapie, Nebenwirkungen und Selbsthilfegruppen | Patienten- und Angehörigenveranstaltungen |
| Arztinformation | kontinuierliche Information und Weiterbildung über neue und komplexe Therapien | Etablierung einer multidisziplinären Versorgung von Nebenwirkungen für spezielle Therapien |
| Psychoonkologie | Vorhalten einer psychoonkologischen Versorgung | Patienten- und Angehörigenveranstaltungen |
| Seelsorge | Vorhalten einer Seelsorge | Patienten- und Angehörigenveranstaltungen |
| muskulo-skeletale Maßnahmen | Beratung über körperliche, funktionelle Aktivität | physikalische Therapie, medikamentöse Therapie |
| Ernährung und Verdauung | bei einigen Therapien Peristaltikhemmer (z. B. Loperamid), ggf. Infektionsdiagnostik | bei Bedarf Peristaltikhemmer, antikonstipative Therapie, Infektionsdiagnostik, Diätberatung |
| Stomatitis | Beratung über Ernährung, Nahrungsaufnahme | topische Therapie |
| Übelkeit und Erbrechen | Antiemetika nach Leitlinie (inkl. Steroide, HT3-i und NK1-i) | Verhaltenstherapie, psychoonkologischer Support |
| Hautnebenwirkungen | Aufklärung | topische Therapie |
| Infusionsschäden | Aufklärung | DMSO, Dexrazoxane, chirurgische Therapie |
| Neurotoxizität | Aufklärung, Schmerztherapie, physikalische Therapie | medikamentöse Therapie |
| Kardiotoxizität, Rhythmus | Aufklärung und Kenntnis über kardiotoxische Substanzen, Monitoring der kardialen Funktion (LVEF, QTc-Zeit) | |
| Myelosuppression | Kontrolle der Blutwerte, Kenntnis über Therapien, die eine primäre Prophylaxe fordern | Colony Stimulating Factors, Erythropoetin, Transfusionen |
| Infektionen | Hepatitis-B-Screening, antiinfektiöse Therapie | Reservetherapeutika |
| Fatigue | Aufklärung | psychosoziale Betreuung |
| Schlafstörungen | Aufklärung | Verhaltenstherapie |
| Schmerzen | Stufen-Schmerztherapie, physikalische Therapie | Schmerzspezialist |
| Fertilität | Verhütung unter Therapie, Effekte der Therapie auf Fertilität | Kryokonservierung, medikamentöser Fertilitätserhalt |
| menopausale Beschwerden | Aufklärung über Therapieeffekte | symptomatische Therapie |
| Knochengesundheit | Bisphosphonate, Denosumab, körperliche Bewegung, Ernährungsberatung | |
| Lifestyle | Beratung | |
| Langezeitkomplikationen | Aufklärung, programmierte Nachsorge | symptomorientierte Therapie |
Abb. 2Supportivmaßnahmen wie in der Application von www.onkowissen.de beschrieben.
Abb. 3Zusammensetzung und Konzept des CARG (Cancer & Aging Research Group) Toxicity Tools.