Eric Lavigne1,2, Jessy Donelle3,4, Marianne Hatzopoulou5, Keith Van Ryswyk1, Aaron van Donkelaar6, Randall V Martin6,7, Hong Chen8,9,10,11, David M Stieb2,12, Antonio Gasparrini13,14, Eric Crighton15,3, Abdool S Yasseen16, Richard T Burnett8, Mark Walker17,16,18, Scott Weichenthal1,19. 1. 1 Air Health Science Division and. 2. 2 School of Epidemiology and Public Health. 3. 3 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 4. 4 Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 5. 5 Department of Civil Engineering and. 6. 6 Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. 7. 7 Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 8. 8 Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 9. 10 Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 10. 9 Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 11. 11 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 12. 12 Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 13. 13 Department of Public Health, Environments and Society and. 14. 14 Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. 15. 15 Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, and. 16. 16 Better Outcomes Registry and Network Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 17. 18 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 18. 17 Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and. 19. 19 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Abstract
Rationale: Little is known regarding the impact of ambient ultrafine particles (UFPs; <0.1 μm) on childhood asthma development. Objectives: To examine the association between prenatal and early postnatal life exposure to UFPs and development of childhood asthma. Methods: A total of 160,641 singleton live births occurring in the City of Toronto, Canada between April 1, 2006, and March 31, 2012, were identified from a birth registry. Associations between exposure to ambient air pollutants and childhood asthma incidence (up to age 6) were estimated using random effects Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for personal- and neighborhood-level covariates. We investigated both single-pollutant and multipollutant models accounting for coexposures to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and NO2. Measurements and Main Results: We identified 27,062 children with incident asthma diagnosis during the follow-up. In adjusted models, second-trimester exposure to UFPs (hazard ratio per interquartile range increase, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.12) was associated with asthma incidence. In models additionally adjusted for PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide, UFPs exposure during the second trimester of pregnancy remained positively associated with childhood asthma incidence (hazard ratio per interquartile range increase, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.09). Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate the association between perinatal exposure to UFPs and the incidence of childhood asthma. Exposure to UFPs during a critical period of lung development was linked to the onset of asthma in children, independent of PM2.5 and NO2.
Rationale: Little is known regarding the impact of ambient ultrafine particles (UFPs; <0.1 μm) on childhood asthma development. Objectives: To examine the association between prenatal and early postnatal life exposure to UFPs and development of childhood asthma. Methods: A total of 160,641 singleton live births occurring in the City of Toronto, Canada between April 1, 2006, and March 31, 2012, were identified from a birth registry. Associations between exposure to ambient air pollutants and childhood asthma incidence (up to age 6) were estimated using random effects Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for personal- and neighborhood-level covariates. We investigated both single-pollutant and multipollutant models accounting for coexposures to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and NO2. Measurements and Main Results: We identified 27,062 children with incident asthma diagnosis during the follow-up. In adjusted models, second-trimester exposure to UFPs (hazard ratio per interquartile range increase, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.12) was associated with asthma incidence. In models additionally adjusted for PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide, UFPs exposure during the second trimester of pregnancy remained positively associated with childhood asthma incidence (hazard ratio per interquartile range increase, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.09). Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate the association between perinatal exposure to UFPs and the incidence of childhood asthma. Exposure to UFPs during a critical period of lung development was linked to the onset of asthma in children, independent of PM2.5 and NO2.
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