Thimo Ruethers1,2,3, Aya C Taki1,2,3, Roni Nugraha1,3,4, Trúc T Cao1, Martina Koeberl5, Sandip D Kamath1,2,3, Nicholas A Williamson6, Sean O'Callaghan6, Shuai Nie6, Sam S Mehr2,7,8, Dianne E Campbell2,7,9, Andreas L Lopata1,2,3. 1. Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. 2. Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 3. Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. 4. Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. 5. Technical Development and Innovation Group, National Measurement Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 6. Bio21 Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 7. Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 8. Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 9. Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Commercial allergen extracts for allergy skin prick testing (SPT) are widely used for diagnosing fish allergy. However, there is currently no regulatory requirement for standardization of protein and allergen content, potentially impacting the diagnostic reliability of SPTs. We therefore sought to analyse commercial fish extracts for the presence and concentration of fish proteins and in vitro IgE reactivity using serum from fish-allergic patients. METHODS: Twenty-six commercial fish extracts from five different manufacturers were examined. The protein concentrations were determined, protein compositions analysed by mass spectrometry, followed by SDS-PAGE and subsequent immunoblotting with antibodies detecting 4 fish allergens (parvalbumin, tropomyosin, aldolase and collagen). IgE-reactive proteins were identified using serum from 16 children with confirmed IgE-mediated fish allergy, with focus on cod, tuna and salmon extracts. RESULTS: The total protein, allergen concentration and IgE reactivity of the commercial extracts varied over 10-fold between different manufacturers and fish species. The major fish allergen parvalbumin was not detected by immunoblotting in 6/26 extracts. In 7/12 extracts, five known fish allergens were detected by mass spectrometry. For cod and tuna, almost 70% of patients demonstrated the strongest IgE reactivity to collagen, tropomyosin, aldolase A or β-enolase but not parvalbumin. CONCLUSIONS: Commercial fish extracts often contain insufficient amounts of important allergens including parvalbumin and collagen, resulting in low IgE reactivity. A comprehensive proteomic approach for the evaluation of SPT extracts for their utility in allergy diagnostics is presented. There is an urgent need for standardized allergen extracts, which will improve the diagnosis and management of fish allergy.
BACKGROUND: Commercial allergen extracts for allergy skin prick testing (SPT) are widely used for diagnosing fish allergy. However, there is currently no regulatory requirement for standardization of protein and allergen content, potentially impacting the diagnostic reliability of SPTs. We therefore sought to analyse commercial fish extracts for the presence and concentration of fish proteins and in vitro IgE reactivity using serum from fish-allergicpatients. METHODS: Twenty-six commercial fish extracts from five different manufacturers were examined. The protein concentrations were determined, protein compositions analysed by mass spectrometry, followed by SDS-PAGE and subsequent immunoblotting with antibodies detecting 4 fish allergens (parvalbumin, tropomyosin, aldolase and collagen). IgE-reactive proteins were identified using serum from 16 children with confirmed IgE-mediated fish allergy, with focus on cod, tuna and salmon extracts. RESULTS: The total protein, allergen concentration and IgE reactivity of the commercial extracts varied over 10-fold between different manufacturers and fish species. The major fish allergen parvalbumin was not detected by immunoblotting in 6/26 extracts. In 7/12 extracts, five known fish allergens were detected by mass spectrometry. For cod and tuna, almost 70% of patients demonstrated the strongest IgE reactivity to collagen, tropomyosin, aldolase A or β-enolase but not parvalbumin. CONCLUSIONS: Commercial fish extracts often contain insufficient amounts of important allergens including parvalbumin and collagen, resulting in low IgE reactivity. A comprehensive proteomic approach for the evaluation of SPT extracts for their utility in allergy diagnostics is presented. There is an urgent need for standardized allergen extracts, which will improve the diagnosis and management of fish allergy.
Authors: Mahboobeh Mahdavinia; Mary C Tobin; Jamie L Fierstein; Aame B Andy-Nweye; Lucy A Bilaver; Susan Fox; Andrea A Pappalardo; Jialing Jiang; Perry A Catlin; Annika Chura; Adam Robinson; Iman Abdikarim; Amaziah Coleman; Christopher M Warren; Pamela J Newmark; Alexandria Bozen; Olivia R Negris; Jacqueline A Pongracic; Hemant P Sharma; Amal H Assa'ad; Ruchi S Gupta Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract Date: 2021-01-19
Authors: Roni Nugraha; Thimo Ruethers; Aya C Taki; Elecia B Johnston; Shaymaviswanathan Karnaneedi; Sandip D Kamath; Andreas L Lopata Journal: Foods Date: 2022-01-30
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Authors: José Ángel Huerta-Ocampo; Alejandra Valenzuela-Corral; María Del Refugio Robles-Burgueño; Ana María Guzmán-Partida; Miguel Ángel Hernández-Oñate; Luz Vázquez-Moreno; Gandhi F Pavón-Romero; Luis M Terán Journal: World Allergy Organ J Date: 2020-03-17 Impact factor: 4.084