Significance of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in tumorigenesis and its potential implication as a biomarker and therapeutic target for human cancer.

Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), which is an ankyrin repeat-containing serine/threonine protein kinase, interacts with integrin β1 and the β3 cytoplasmic domain and phosphorylates integrin β1. ILK has multiple functions in cells, such as cell-extracellular matrix interactions, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell proliferation and cell motility, which are associated with the interacting partners of ILK and downstream signaling pathways. Upregulation of ILK is frequently observed in cancer tissues compared to corresponding normal tissues. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that ILK plays an important role in biological processes associated with tumorigenesis, including cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Furthermore, inhibition of ILK expression and activity using siRNA or chemical inhibitors has shown a significant suppressive effect on cancer development and progression, implicating the potential of ILK as a target for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarized the functional role of ILK in tumorigenesis, with the expectation that targeting ILK could provide more evidence for cancer therapy.