Anaïs Briquet1, Rithy Vong2, Jean-Baptiste Roseau1, Emilie Javelle3, Nicolas Cazes4, Fréderic Rivière5, Marc Aletti6, Marie-Pierre Otto7, Cécile Ficko8, Sandrine Duron9, Michel Fabre2, Christine Pourcel10, Fabrice Simon3, Charles Soler2. 1. Respiratory Department, Laveran Military Teaching Hospital, Marseille. 2. Department of Biology, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart. 3. Department of Infectious Diseases, Laveran Military Teaching Hospital. 4. Emergency Medical Department, Prehospital Emergency Medical Services of Marine Fire Battalion, Marseille. 5. Respiratory Department, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart. 6. Department of Infectious Diseases, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, Clamart. 7. Department of Biology, Sainte-Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon. 8. Department of Infectious Diseases, Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, Saint-Mandé l'Énergie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Paris Sud, Orsay, France. 9. French Military Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Marseille. 10. Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat á ľÉnergie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Paris Sud, Orsay, France.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium canettii forms part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Mycobacterium canettii infections are mainly described in the Horn of Africa. The permanent presence of French soldiers in Djibouti raises the question of the risk of being infected with M. canettii. Here, we describe M. canettii infections among French military and their families between 1998 and 2015. METHODS: This retrospective study relied on 3 sources of data: the reference center for mycobacteria in the Biology Department at Percy Military Hospital in Paris, the French Military Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, and the scientific literature. After an exhaustive census of the strains, we studied the epidemiological data on 20 cases among French soldiers and their families. RESULTS: Twenty cases of M. canettii infections are reported, including 5 unpublished cases. Adenitis predominates (n = 15), especially in the cervico facial area and among children; 1 case was observed 1 month after dental care in Djibouti. The pulmonary forms were less frequent (n = 6), and 3 atypical forms are described. All patients had stayed in Djibouti. CONCLUSIONS: Cases of M. canettii infection among the French military consisted mainly of adenitis; disseminated forms were possible with immunodeficiency. Their evolution under specific treatments was comparable to that of tuberculosis. The presumed origin of the infection seemed to be environmental, possibly a water reservoir, and not due to human-to-human contagion.
BACKGROUND:Mycobacterium canettii forms part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Mycobacterium canettiiinfections are mainly described in the Horn of Africa. The permanent presence of French soldiers in Djibouti raises the question of the risk of being infected with M. canettii. Here, we describe M. canettii infections among French military and their families between 1998 and 2015. METHODS: This retrospective study relied on 3 sources of data: the reference center for mycobacteria in the Biology Department at Percy Military Hospital in Paris, the French Military Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, and the scientific literature. After an exhaustive census of the strains, we studied the epidemiological data on 20 cases among French soldiers and their families. RESULTS: Twenty cases of M. canettii infections are reported, including 5 unpublished cases. Adenitis predominates (n = 15), especially in the cervico facial area and among children; 1 case was observed 1 month after dental care in Djibouti. The pulmonary forms were less frequent (n = 6), and 3 atypical forms are described. All patients had stayed in Djibouti. CONCLUSIONS: Cases of M. canettii infection among the French military consisted mainly of adenitis; disseminated forms were possible with immunodeficiency. Their evolution under specific treatments was comparable to that of tuberculosis. The presumed origin of the infection seemed to be environmental, possibly a water reservoir, and not due to human-to-human contagion.
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