Saori Kashiwagi1, Yuji Naito2, Ryo Inoue3, Tomohisa Takagi1, Takahiro Nakano1, Yutaka Inada4, Akifumi Fukui5, Kazuhiro Katada5, Katsura Mizushima1, Kazuhiro Kamada1, Kazuhiko Uchiyama1, Osamu Handa6, Takeshi Ishikawa1, Yoshito Itoh1. 1. Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. 2. Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, ynaito@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp. 3. Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan. 4. Fukuchiyama City Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. 5. North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. 6. Kyoto Kuramaguchi Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The importance of microbiota infiltrating the gut mucus layer has been reported in the pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal and systemic diseases. However, little is known about the mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) in healthy subjects. The present study aimed to clarify the characteristics of the gastrointestinal MAM from the oral cavity to the rectum in healthy Japanese subjects. METHODS: Seventeen healthy subjects were enrolled. In this study, 5 mucosa samples from the upper gut (intraoral, mid-esophagus, gastric corpus, gastric antrum, and duodenum) and 7 from the lower gut (ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum) were collected with a brush under endoscopic examination. MAM profiles of each sample were analyzed by 16S-rRNA V3-V4 gene sequences. RESULTS: Collecting mucosa samples by brushing provided sufficient material for MAM profiling without causing adverse effects. The upper and lower gut MAM profiles differed significantly (p < 0.0001). In the upper and lower gut, the intra- and inter-individual MAM profiles were significantly different (p = 0.0008 and p < 0.0001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The MAM profiles of the upper and lower gut were significantly different. The inter-individual differences in MAM were remarkable compared to the intra-individual differences.
BACKGROUND: The importance of microbiota infiltrating the gut mucus layer has been reported in the pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal and systemic diseases. However, little is known about the mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) in healthy subjects. The present study aimed to clarify the characteristics of the gastrointestinal MAM from the oral cavity to the rectum in healthy Japanese subjects. METHODS: Seventeen healthy subjects were enrolled. In this study, 5 mucosa samples from the upper gut (intraoral, mid-esophagus, gastric corpus, gastric antrum, and duodenum) and 7 from the lower gut (ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum) were collected with a brush under endoscopic examination. MAM profiles of each sample were analyzed by 16S-rRNA V3-V4 gene sequences. RESULTS: Collecting mucosa samples by brushing provided sufficient material for MAM profiling without causing adverse effects. The upper and lower gut MAM profiles differed significantly (p < 0.0001). In the upper and lower gut, the intra- and inter-individual MAM profiles were significantly different (p = 0.0008 and p < 0.0001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The MAM profiles of the upper and lower gut were significantly different. The inter-individual differences in MAM were remarkable compared to the intra-individual differences.