Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh1,2, Mohammad-Reza Vafa3, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh4,5, Awat Feizi6, Reza Majdzadeh7, Hamidreza Afshar8, Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli9, Peyman Adibi9. 1. Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 2. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. 3. Department of Nutrition, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4. Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. a-esmaillzadeh@sina.tums.ac.ir. 5. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. a-esmaillzadeh@sina.tums.ac.ir. 6. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 7. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 8. Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 9. Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between dietary patterns identified by reduced-rank regression method and psychological disorders in a large group of Iranian adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 3363 Iranian adults between 20 and 55 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Psychological health was examined through validated Iranian version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and General Health Questionnaires. Reduced-rank regression was applied to identify dietary patterns based on the ratio of omega-3/omega-6, zinc, magnesium, vitamin B6, and folic acid intake. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between dietary patterns and psychological disorders. RESULTS: Three major dietary patterns were derived: "healthy," "fish and poultry," and "transitional." After adjustment for potential confounders, "healthy" was associated with reduced depression (odds ratio (OR) for the highest vs. lowest quintile: 0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25-0.50), anxiety (OR: 0.47; CI: 0.30-0.74), and psychological distress (OR: 0.52; CI: 0.36-0.75). Greater adherence to the "fish and poultry" was related with lower odds of depression (OR: 0.64; CI: 0.47-0.87). Participant in the third quintile of "fish and poultry" dietary pattern were less likely to be anxious (OR: 0.61; CI: 0.41-0.91). Additionally, we found an inverse significant correlation between adherence to the "transitional" dietary pattern and odds of depression (OR: 0.36; CI: 0.21-0.62), anxiety (OR: 0.43; CI: 0.21-0.88), and psychological distress (OR: 0.41; CI: 0.23-0.72). CONCLUSION: We found that "healthy," "fish and poultry," and "transitional" dietary patterns have inverse significant relationship with odds of psychological disorders, but prospective studies are needed for causal conclusion.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between dietary patterns identified by reduced-rank regression method and psychological disorders in a large group of Iranian adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 3363 Iranian adults between 20 and 55 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Psychological health was examined through validated Iranian version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and General Health Questionnaires. Reduced-rank regression was applied to identify dietary patterns based on the ratio of omega-3/omega-6, zinc, magnesium, vitamin B6, and folic acid intake. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between dietary patterns and psychological disorders. RESULTS: Three major dietary patterns were derived: "healthy," "fish and poultry," and "transitional." After adjustment for potential confounders, "healthy" was associated with reduced depression (odds ratio (OR) for the highest vs. lowest quintile: 0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25-0.50), anxiety (OR: 0.47; CI: 0.30-0.74), and psychological distress (OR: 0.52; CI: 0.36-0.75). Greater adherence to the "fish and poultry" was related with lower odds of depression (OR: 0.64; CI: 0.47-0.87). Participant in the third quintile of "fish and poultry" dietary pattern were less likely to be anxious (OR: 0.61; CI: 0.41-0.91). Additionally, we found an inverse significant correlation between adherence to the "transitional" dietary pattern and odds of depression (OR: 0.36; CI: 0.21-0.62), anxiety (OR: 0.43; CI: 0.21-0.88), and psychological distress (OR: 0.41; CI: 0.23-0.72). CONCLUSION: We found that "healthy," "fish and poultry," and "transitional" dietary patterns have inverse significant relationship with odds of psychological disorders, but prospective studies are needed for causal conclusion.