Javier Vázquez-Bourgon1,2, Esther Setién-Suero1,2, Fuencisla Pilar-Cuéllar3,4,5, Rodrigo Romero-Jiménez1, Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz1,3, Elena Castro3,4,5, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro1,2. 1. 1 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain. 2. 3 Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain. 3. 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santander, Spain. 4. 4 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain. 5. 5 Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, University of Cantabria-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Sociedad para el Desarrollo de Cantabria (SODERCAN), Santander, Spain.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cannabis smoking is highly prevalent among patients with psychotic disorders. Its use has been found to be related to clinical characteristics and the prognosis of the disorder. Recent evidence indicates a protective effect of cannabis on weight gain and related metabolic alterations. However, there are no previous studies on the long-term longitudinal effects of cannabis on first-episode drug-naïve patients, which would thereby avoid the confounding effects of chronicity and previous treatment exposure. We aimed to explore the effect of cannabis smoking on weight and lipid/glycaemic metabolic measures in a sample of first-episode non-affective psychosis patients. METHOD: Anthropometric measurements and glycaemic and lipid parameters were obtained at baseline and three years after initiation of treatment. Patients self-reported their cannabis use at both time points. To explore the longitudinal effect of cannabis, patients were divided into three groups: continuers, discontinuers and non-users. RESULTS: Cannabis users at baseline presented a lower weight ( F=14.85, p<0.001), body mass index ( F=13.14, p<0.001), total cholesterol ( F=4.85, p=0.028) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( F=6.26, p=0.013) compared to non-users. These differences were also observed after three years: weight ( F=8.07, p=0.005), body mass index ( F=4.66, p=0.032) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( F=3.91, p=0.049). Moreover, those patients discontinuing cannabis use presented a higher increase in weight ( F=2.98, p=0.052), body mass index ( F=2.73, p=0.067) and triglyceride-high-density lipoprotein ratio ( F=2.72, p=0.067) than the 'non-users' and 'continuers'. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that cannabis use may produce a protective effect against weight gain and related metabolic alterations in psychosis. However, these results need to be replicated in a larger sample size.
BACKGROUND: Cannabis smoking is highly prevalent among patients with psychotic disorders. Its use has been found to be related to clinical characteristics and the prognosis of the disorder. Recent evidence indicates a protective effect of cannabis on weight gain and related metabolic alterations. However, there are no previous studies on the long-term longitudinal effects of cannabis on first-episode drug-naïve patients, which would thereby avoid the confounding effects of chronicity and previous treatment exposure. We aimed to explore the effect of cannabis smoking on weight and lipid/glycaemic metabolic measures in a sample of first-episode non-affective psychosispatients. METHOD: Anthropometric measurements and glycaemic and lipid parameters were obtained at baseline and three years after initiation of treatment. Patients self-reported their cannabis use at both time points. To explore the longitudinal effect of cannabis, patients were divided into three groups: continuers, discontinuers and non-users. RESULTS: Cannabis users at baseline presented a lower weight ( F=14.85, p<0.001), body mass index ( F=13.14, p<0.001), total cholesterol ( F=4.85, p=0.028) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( F=6.26, p=0.013) compared to non-users. These differences were also observed after three years: weight ( F=8.07, p=0.005), body mass index ( F=4.66, p=0.032) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( F=3.91, p=0.049). Moreover, those patients discontinuing cannabis use presented a higher increase in weight ( F=2.98, p=0.052), body mass index ( F=2.73, p=0.067) and triglyceride-high-density lipoprotein ratio ( F=2.72, p=0.067) than the 'non-users' and 'continuers'. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that cannabis use may produce a protective effect against weight gain and related metabolic alterations in psychosis. However, these results need to be replicated in a larger sample size.
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