Jacqueline Saw1, Andrew Starovoytov1, Karin Humphries2, Tej Sheth3, Derek So4, Kunal Minhas5, Neil Brass6, Andrea Lavoie7, Helen Bishop8, Shahar Lavi9, Colin Pearce10, Suzanne Renner11, Mina Madan12, Robert C Welsh13, Sohrab Lutchmedial14, Ram Vijayaraghavan15, Eve Aymong16, Bryan Har17, Reda Ibrahim18, Heather L Gornik19, Santhi Ganesh20, Christopher Buller21, Alexis Matteau22, Giuseppe Martucci23, Dennis Ko12, Giovanni Battista John Mancini1. 1. Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 2775 Laurel St, 9th Floor, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 2. BC Centre for Improved Cardiovascular Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 3. Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 4. University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 5. Saint Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 6. Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 7. University of Saskatchewan & Prairie Vascular, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. 8. Queen Elizabeth Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. 9. London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada. 10. Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. 11. St. Mary's General Hospital, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada. 12. Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 13. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 14. St. John Regional Hospital, St. John, New Brunswick, Canada. 15. Scarborough Cardiology Research, Scaborough, Ontario, Canada. 16. St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 17. Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 18. Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 19. Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA. 20. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 21. St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 22. Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 23. McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Abstract
AIMS: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) was underdiagnosed and poorly understood for decades. It is increasingly recognized as an important cause of myocardial infarction (MI) in women. We aimed to assess the natural history of SCAD, which has not been adequately explored. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a multicentre, prospective, observational study of patients with non-atherosclerotic SCAD presenting acutely from 22 centres in North America. Institutional ethics approval and patient consents were obtained. We recorded baseline demographics, in-hospital characteristics, precipitating/predisposing conditions, angiographic features (assessed by core laboratory), in-hospital major adverse events (MAE), and 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We prospectively enrolled 750 SCAD patients from June 2014 to June 2018. Mean age was 51.8 ± 10.2 years, 88.5% were women (55.0% postmenopausal), 87.7% were Caucasian, and 33.9% had no cardiac risk factors. Emotional stress was reported in 50.3%, and physical stress in 28.9% (9.8% lifting >50 pounds). Predisposing conditions included fibromuscular dysplasia 31.1% (45.2% had no/incomplete screening), systemic inflammatory diseases 4.7%, peripartum 4.5%, and connective tissue disorders 3.6%. Most were treated conservatively (84.3%), but 14.1% underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and 0.7% coronary artery bypass surgery. In-hospital composite MAE was 8.8%; peripartum SCAD patients had higher in-hospital MAE (20.6% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.023). Overall 30-day MACE was 8.8%. Peripartum SCAD and connective tissue disease were independent predictors of 30-day MACE. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection predominantly affects women and presents with MI. Despite majority of patients being treated conservatively, survival was good. However, significant cardiovascular complications occurred within 30 days. Long-term follow-up and further investigations on management are warranted. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
AIMS: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) was underdiagnosed and poorly understood for decades. It is increasingly recognized as an important cause of myocardial infarction (MI) in women. We aimed to assess the natural history of SCAD, which has not been adequately explored. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a multicentre, prospective, observational study of patients with non-atherosclerotic SCAD presenting acutely from 22 centres in North America. Institutional ethics approval and patient consents were obtained. We recorded baseline demographics, in-hospital characteristics, precipitating/predisposing conditions, angiographic features (assessed by core laboratory), in-hospital major adverse events (MAE), and 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). We prospectively enrolled 750 SCAD patients from June 2014 to June 2018. Mean age was 51.8 ± 10.2 years, 88.5% were women (55.0% postmenopausal), 87.7% were Caucasian, and 33.9% had no cardiac risk factors. Emotional stress was reported in 50.3%, and physical stress in 28.9% (9.8% lifting >50 pounds). Predisposing conditions included fibromuscular dysplasia 31.1% (45.2% had no/incomplete screening), systemic inflammatory diseases 4.7%, peripartum 4.5%, and connective tissue disorders 3.6%. Most were treated conservatively (84.3%), but 14.1% underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and 0.7% coronary artery bypass surgery. In-hospital composite MAE was 8.8%; peripartum SCAD patients had higher in-hospital MAE (20.6% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.023). Overall 30-day MACE was 8.8%. Peripartum SCAD and connective tissue disease were independent predictors of 30-day MACE. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection predominantly affects women and presents with MI. Despite majority of patients being treated conservatively, survival was good. However, significant cardiovascular complications occurred within 30 days. Long-term follow-up and further investigations on management are warranted. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
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