Mohammad Hossein Rouhani1, Mojgan Mortazavi Najafabadi2, Pamela J Surkan3, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh4, Awat Feizi5, Leila Azadbakht6. 1. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 2. Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 3. Department of International Health, John Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA. 4. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 6. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic address: l-azadbakht@tums.ac.ir.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: While evidence exists for an association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and cardiovascular diseases, the relation between DII and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not known. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between DII, renal function and progression of CKD. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, dietary data from 221 subjects with diagnosed CKD were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. DII was calculated based on overall inflammatory effect scores. Renal function was measured by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) level as well as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). RESULTS: Patients in the first tertile of DII consumed higher quantities of vegetables, fruits, dairy, calcium, potassium and phosphorus and lower amounts of grains (P < 0.01 for all). We did not detect any significant trend for BUN, Cr and eGFR across tertiles of DII in crude and two adjusted models. In a fully adjusted model, an increased risk of being in the higher stage of CKD was found among those in the top tertiles of DII (odds ratio: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.26; P for trend = 0.03). CONCLUSION: We observed that compliance with a pro-inflammatory diet in patients with CKD may be associated with disease progression.
BACKGROUND: While evidence exists for an association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and cardiovascular diseases, the relation between DII and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not known. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between DII, renal function and progression of CKD. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, dietary data from 221 subjects with diagnosed CKD were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. DII was calculated based on overall inflammatory effect scores. Renal function was measured by blood ureanitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) level as well as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). RESULTS:Patients in the first tertile of DII consumed higher quantities of vegetables, fruits, dairy, calcium, potassium and phosphorus and lower amounts of grains (P < 0.01 for all). We did not detect any significant trend for BUN, Cr and eGFR across tertiles of DII in crude and two adjusted models. In a fully adjusted model, an increased risk of being in the higher stage of CKD was found among those in the top tertiles of DII (odds ratio: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.26; P for trend = 0.03). CONCLUSION: We observed that compliance with a pro-inflammatory diet in patients with CKD may be associated with disease progression.