Laura Di Lodovico1, Ségolène Poulnais2, Philip Gorwood3. 1. Clinique des Maladies Mentales et de l'Encéphale (CMME), Hôpital Sainte-Anne, 1 Rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France; INSERM U894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CPN), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. Electronic address: laura.dilodovico@yahoo.com. 2. Secteur 3, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, 1 Rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France. 3. Clinique des Maladies Mentales et de l'Encéphale (CMME), Hôpital Sainte-Anne, 1 Rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France; INSERM U894, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CPN), Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. Electronic address: p.gorwood@ch-sainte-anne.fr.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Excessive physical exercise may evolve into physical exercise addiction, a recently identified entity with many yet unclear aspects, such as global prevalence and variability according to different types of physical exercise. METHODS: We systematically reviewed the current literature up to June 2018 to collect all studies screening exercise addiction with two of the most frequently used screening scales: the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) and the Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS). RESULTS: We detected forty-eight studies (20 using the EAI, 26 the EDS, and 2 both scales) reporting variable point prevalence of exercise addiction risk, depending on the target population and the investigated sport. The EAI identifies a higher proportion of people at risk for physical exercise addiction among endurance athletes (14,2%) followed by ball games (10,4%), fitness centre attendees (8,2%) and power disciplines (6,4%), while a frequency of 3,0% was reported in the general population. Studies using the EDS found discrepant results. DISCUSSION: This systematic review suggests that sport disciplines are associated with different vulnerability for physical exercise addiction. Besides the different addictive potential of each sport, the heterogeneity of results may be also due to socio-demographic and cultural characteristics of the target populations. The EAI and the EDS identify different proportions of individuals at risk for exercise addiction both in general population and in specific sport categories. As the EAI screens a higher proportion of subjects at risk, especially in endurance disciplines, it could be more appropriate for early detection of at-risk subjects and/or disciplines. CONCLUSION: Tailored prevention strategies for each discipline could help better preserving benefits of sports. More precision in research methods and the use of the most appropriate scale are required to allow a better comparability of prevalence among physical exercise disciplines and in general population.
INTRODUCTION: Excessive physical exercise may evolve into physical exercise addiction, a recently identified entity with many yet unclear aspects, such as global prevalence and variability according to different types of physical exercise. METHODS: We systematically reviewed the current literature up to June 2018 to collect all studies screening exercise addiction with two of the most frequently used screening scales: the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) and the Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS). RESULTS: We detected forty-eight studies (20 using the EAI, 26 the EDS, and 2 both scales) reporting variable point prevalence of exercise addiction risk, depending on the target population and the investigated sport. The EAI identifies a higher proportion of people at risk for physical exercise addiction among endurance athletes (14,2%) followed by ball games (10,4%), fitness centre attendees (8,2%) and power disciplines (6,4%), while a frequency of 3,0% was reported in the general population. Studies using the EDS found discrepant results. DISCUSSION: This systematic review suggests that sport disciplines are associated with different vulnerability for physical exercise addiction. Besides the different addictive potential of each sport, the heterogeneity of results may be also due to socio-demographic and cultural characteristics of the target populations. The EAI and the EDS identify different proportions of individuals at risk for exercise addiction both in general population and in specific sport categories. As the EAI screens a higher proportion of subjects at risk, especially in endurance disciplines, it could be more appropriate for early detection of at-risk subjects and/or disciplines. CONCLUSION: Tailored prevention strategies for each discipline could help better preserving benefits of sports. More precision in research methods and the use of the most appropriate scale are required to allow a better comparability of prevalence among physical exercise disciplines and in general population.
Authors: Mike Trott; Sarah E Jackson; Joseph Firth; Louis Jacob; Igor Grabovac; Amit Mistry; Brendon Stubbs; Lee Smith Journal: Eat Weight Disord Date: 2020-01-01 Impact factor: 4.652
Authors: Mike Trott; Lin Yang; Sarah E Jackson; Joseph Firth; Claire Gillvray; Brendon Stubbs; Lee Smith Journal: Front Sports Act Living Date: 2020-07-10
Authors: Mami Shibata; Julius Burkauskas; Artemisa R Dores; Kei Kobayashi; Sayaka Yoshimura; Pierluigi Simonato; Ilaria De Luca; Dorotea Cicconcelli; Valentina Giorgetti; Irene P Carvalho; Fernando Barbosa; Cristina Monteiro; Toshiya Murai; Maria A Gómez-Martínez; Zsolt Demetrovics; Krisztina Edina Ábel; Attila Szabo; Alejandra Rebeca Melero Ventola; Eva Maria Arroyo-Anlló; Ricardo M Santos-Labrador; Inga Griskova-Bulanova; Aiste Pranckeviciene; Giuseppe Bersani; Hironobu Fujiwara; Ornella Corazza Journal: Front Psychol Date: 2021-07-06
Authors: Javier Bueno-Antequera; Carmen Mayolas-Pi; Joaquin Reverter-Masià; Isaac López-Laval; Miguel Ángel Oviedo-Caro; Diego Munguía-Izquierdo; Mercedes Ruidíaz-Peña; Alejandro Legaz-Arrese Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-06-11 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: David Méndez-Alonso; Jose Antonio Prieto-Saborit; Jose Ramón Bahamonde; Estíbaliz Jiménez-Arberás Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-03-08 Impact factor: 3.390