Bosena Tebeje Gashaw1, Jeanette H Magnus2, Berit Schei3. 1. College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: bosenatebeje@yahoo.co.uk. 2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, U.S. 3. Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Utilization of maternal health care services and timely initiation of antenatal care (ANC) positively influence pregnancy outcomes. The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is very high in Ethiopia, but we have limited knowledge on the link between IPV and initiation of ANC. AIM: To determine the association between IPV and late entry into ANC. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending ANC at the governmental health institutions. A total of 720 pregnant women were interviewed by five trained nurses or midwives, using standardized and pretested questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression and parity-stratified analyses were employed. FINDINGS: Over half of the pregnant women (51.8%; 95% CI=48.1, 55.5) entered ANC late (>16 weeks). Controlling for demographic, behavioural and reproductive health related variables, among multiparous women, any lifetime emotional or physical abuse was associated with late ANC [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.28; 95%CI=1.18, 4.39]. However, reporting recent experience of partner sexual violence was associated with late ANC in the full sample (AOR=1.55; 95%CI=1.09, 2.19). CONCLUSION: The proportion of pregnant women entering ANC late is high in Ethiopia and associated with prior and recent experience of IPV in the current pregnancy, especially among multiparous women. Efforts for preventing IPV in pregnancy are needed to ensure that all pregnant women initiate ANC early in pregnancy. Aims of improving the health sector responses should include training health care workers on IPV that could facilitate ongoing screening, awareness creation, and women's social support networks.
BACKGROUND: Utilization of maternal health care services and timely initiation of antenatal care (ANC) positively influence pregnancy outcomes. The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is very high in Ethiopia, but we have limited knowledge on the link between IPV and initiation of ANC. AIM: To determine the association between IPV and late entry into ANC. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending ANC at the governmental health institutions. A total of 720 pregnant women were interviewed by five trained nurses or midwives, using standardized and pretested questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression and parity-stratified analyses were employed. FINDINGS: Over half of the pregnant women (51.8%; 95% CI=48.1, 55.5) entered ANC late (>16 weeks). Controlling for demographic, behavioural and reproductive health related variables, among multiparous women, any lifetime emotional or physical abuse was associated with late ANC [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.28; 95%CI=1.18, 4.39]. However, reporting recent experience of partner sexual violence was associated with late ANC in the full sample (AOR=1.55; 95%CI=1.09, 2.19). CONCLUSION: The proportion of pregnant women entering ANC late is high in Ethiopia and associated with prior and recent experience of IPV in the current pregnancy, especially among multiparous women. Efforts for preventing IPV in pregnancy are needed to ensure that all pregnant women initiate ANC early in pregnancy. Aims of improving the health sector responses should include training health care workers on IPV that could facilitate ongoing screening, awareness creation, and women's social support networks.
Authors: Muluken Dessalegn Muluneh; Virginia Stulz; Lyn Francis; Kingsley Agho Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-02-01 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Bosena Tebeje Gashaw; Jeanette H Magnus; Berit Scheib; Kari Nyheim Solbraekken Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2019-11-25 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Bosena Tebeje Gashaw; Berit Schei; Kari Nyheim Solbraekke; Jeanette H Magnus Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-05-25 Impact factor: 3.390