Richard N Jones1,2, Sevdenur Cizginer3, Laura Pavlech4, Asha Albuquerque5, Lori A Daiello2, Kumar Dharmarajan6, Lauren J Gleason7, Benjamin Helfand1,2,8, Lauren Massimo9, Esther Oh10, Olivia I Okereke11,12,13, Patricia Tabloski14, Laura A Rabin15, Jirong Yue16, Edward R Marcantonio17,18, Tamara G Fong5,13,18, Tammy T Hshieh5,18,19, Eran D Metzger18,20, Kristen Erickson5, Eva M Schmitt5, Sharon K Inouye5,17,18. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. 2. Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. 3. Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. 4. Hirsh Health Sciences Library, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts. 5. Aging Brain Center, Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts. 6. Center for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. 7. Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. 8. University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester. 9. Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia. 10. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 11. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 12. Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. 13. Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. 14. Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. 15. Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center of City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York. 16. Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. 17. Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. 18. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. 19. Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 20. Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
Abstract
Importance: Measurement of delirium severity has been recognized as highly important for tracking prognosis, monitoring response to treatment, and estimating burden of care for patients both during and after hospitalization. Rather than simply rating delirium as present or absent, the ability to quantify its severity would enable development and monitoring of more effective treatment approaches for the condition. Objectives: To present a comprehensive review of delirium severity instruments, conduct a methodologic quality rating of the original validation study of the most commonly used instruments, and select a group of top-rated instruments. Evidence Review: This systematic review was conducted using literature from Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, from January 1, 1974, through March 31, 2017, with the key words delirium, severity, tests, measures, and intensity. Inclusion criteria were original articles assessing delirium severity and using a delirium-specific severity instrument. Final listings of articles were supplemented with hand searches of reference listings to ensure completeness. At least 2 reviewers independently completed each step of the review process: article selection, data extraction, and methodologic quality assessment of relevant articles using a validated rating scale. All discrepancies between raters were resolved by consensus. Findings: Of 9409 articles identified, 228 underwent full text review, and we identified 42 different instruments of delirium severity. Eleven of the 42 tools were multidomain, delirium-specific instruments providing a quantitative rating of delirium severity; these instruments underwent a methodologic quality review. Applying prespecified criteria related to frequency of use, methodologic quality, construct or predictive validity, and broad domain coverage, an expert panel used an iterative modified Delphi process to select 6 final high-quality instruments meeting these criteria: the Confusion Assessment Method-Severity Score, Confusional State Examination, Delirium-O-Meter, Delirium Observation Scale, Delirium Rating Scale, and Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale. Conclusions and Relevance: The 6 instruments identified may enable accurate measurement of delirium severity to improve clinical care for patients with this condition. This work may stimulate increased usage and head-to-head comparison of these instruments.
Importance: Measurement of delirium severity has been recognized as highly important for tracking prognosis, monitoring response to treatment, and estimating burden of care for patients both during and after hospitalization. Rather than simply rating delirium as present or absent, the ability to quantify its severity would enable development and monitoring of more effective treatment approaches for the condition. Objectives: To present a comprehensive review of delirium severity instruments, conduct a methodologic quality rating of the original validation study of the most commonly used instruments, and select a group of top-rated instruments. Evidence Review: This systematic review was conducted using literature from Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, from January 1, 1974, through March 31, 2017, with the key words delirium, severity, tests, measures, and intensity. Inclusion criteria were original articles assessing delirium severity and using a delirium-specific severity instrument. Final listings of articles were supplemented with hand searches of reference listings to ensure completeness. At least 2 reviewers independently completed each step of the review process: article selection, data extraction, and methodologic quality assessment of relevant articles using a validated rating scale. All discrepancies between raters were resolved by consensus. Findings: Of 9409 articles identified, 228 underwent full text review, and we identified 42 different instruments of delirium severity. Eleven of the 42 tools were multidomain, delirium-specific instruments providing a quantitative rating of delirium severity; these instruments underwent a methodologic quality review. Applying prespecified criteria related to frequency of use, methodologic quality, construct or predictive validity, and broad domain coverage, an expert panel used an iterative modified Delphi process to select 6 final high-quality instruments meeting these criteria: the Confusion Assessment Method-Severity Score, Confusional State Examination, Delirium-O-Meter, Delirium Observation Scale, Delirium Rating Scale, and Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale. Conclusions and Relevance: The 6 instruments identified may enable accurate measurement of delirium severity to improve clinical care for patients with this condition. This work may stimulate increased usage and head-to-head comparison of these instruments.
Authors: Edward R Marcantonio; Richard N Jones; Sharon K Inouye; Cyrus M Kosar; Douglas Tommet; Eva M Schmitt; Margaret R Puelle; Jane S Saczynski Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 2014-04-15 Impact factor: 25.391
Authors: Sarinnapha M Vasunilashorn; Edward R Marcantonio; Yun Gou; Margaret A Pisani; Thomas G Travison; Eva M Schmitt; Richard N Jones; Sharon K Inouye Journal: J Gen Intern Med Date: 2016-06-03 Impact factor: 5.128
Authors: Mary Klem; Ester Saghafi; Rebecca Abromitis; Angela Stover; Mary Amanda Dew; Paul Pilkonis Journal: Qual Life Res Date: 2009-06-23 Impact factor: 4.147
Authors: Alessandro Morandi; Jessica McCurley; Eduard E Vasilevskis; Donna M Fick; Giuseppe Bellelli; Patricia Lee; James C Jackson; Susan D Shenkin; John Schnelle; Sharon K Inouye; E Wesley Ely; Wesley E Ely; Alasdair MacLullich Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2012-10-05 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Sarinnapha M Vasunilashorn; Dena Schulman-Green; Douglas Tommet; Tamara G Fong; Tammy T Hshieh; Edward R Marcantonio; Eran D Metzger; Eva M Schmitt; Patricia A Tabloski; Thomas G Travison; Yun Gou; Benjamin Helfand; Sharon K Inouye; Richard N Jones Journal: Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Date: 2020-06-17 Impact factor: 2.959
Authors: Dena Schulman-Green; Eva M Schmitt; Tamara G Fong; Sarinnapha M Vasunilashorn; Jacqueline Gallagher; Edward R Marcantonio; Charles H Brown; Diane Clark; Joseph H Flaherty; Anne Gleason; Sharon Gordon; Ann M Kolanowski; Karin J Neufeld; Margaret O'Connor; Margaret A Pisani; Thomas N Robinson; Joe Verghese; Heidi L Wald; Richard N Jones; Sharon K Inouye Journal: Qual Life Res Date: 2019-05-17 Impact factor: 4.147
Authors: Benjamin K I Helfand; Madeline L D'Aquila; Patricia Tabloski; Kristen Erickson; Jirong Yue; Tamara G Fong; Tammy T Hshieh; Eran D Metzger; Eva M Schmitt; Edwin D Boudreaux; Sharon K Inouye; Richard N Jones Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2020-11-02 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Meike van Sleuwen; Haoqi Sun; Christine Eckhardt; Anudeepthi Neelagiri; Ryan A Tesh; Mike Westmeijer; Luis Paixao; Subapriya Rajan; Parimala Velpula Krishnamurthy; Pooja Sikka; Michael J Leone; Ezhil Panneerselvam; Syed A Quadri; Oluwaseun Akeju; Eyal Y Kimchi; M Brandon Westover Journal: Crit Care Med Date: 2022-01-01 Impact factor: 7.598
Authors: Christopher R Carpenter; Nada Hammouda; Elizabeth A Linton; Michelle Doering; Ugochi K Ohuabunwa; Kelly J Ko; William W Hung; Manish N Shah; Lee A Lindquist; Kevin Biese; Daniel Wei; Libby Hoy; Lori Nerbonne; Ula Hwang; Scott M Dresden Journal: Acad Emerg Med Date: 2020-12-12 Impact factor: 5.221
Authors: Jo Ellen Wilson; Matthew F Mart; Colm Cunningham; Yahya Shehabi; Timothy D Girard; Alasdair M J MacLullich; Arjen J C Slooter; E Wesley Ely Journal: Nat Rev Dis Primers Date: 2020-11-12 Impact factor: 65.038