Alexander Sartorius1, Traute Demirakca2, Andreas Böhringer3, Christian Clemm von Hohenberg4, Suna Su Aksay3, Jan Malte Bumb5, Laura Kranaster3, Thomas Nickl-Jockschat6, Michael Grözinger7, Philipp A Thomann8, Robert Christian Wolf9, Peter Zwanzger10, Udo Dannlowski11, Ronny Redlich11, Maxim Zavorotnyy12, Rebecca Zöllner13, Isabel Methfessel14, Matthias Besse14, David Zilles14, Gabriele Ende2. 1. Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: alexander.sartorius@zi-mannheim.de. 2. Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany. 3. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany. 4. Research Group Translational Imaging, Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany. 5. Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. 6. Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. 7. Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. 8. Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Mental Health, Odenwald District Healthcare Center, Uniklinik RWTH, Aachen, Germany. 9. Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany. 10. kbo-Inn-Salzach-Hospital, Gabersee 7, 83512, Wasserburg am Inn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Germany. 11. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, University of Muenster, Germany. 12. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Germany; Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - MCMBB, University of Marburg, Germany. 13. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Germany. 14. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and depression have been associated with brain volume changes, especially in the hippocampus and the amygdala. METHODS: In this retrospective study we collected data from individual pre-post ECT whole brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of depressed patients from six German university hospitals. Gray matter volume (GMV) changes were quantified via voxel-based morphometry in a total sample of 92 patients with major depressive episodes (MDE). Additionally, 43 healthy controls were scanned twice within a similar time interval. RESULTS: Most prominently longitudinal GMV increases occurred in temporal lobe regions. Within specific region of interests we detected significant increases of GMV in the hippocampus and the amygdala. These results were more pronounced in the right hemisphere. Decreases in GMV were not observed. GMV changes did not correlate with psychopathology, age, gender or number of ECT sessions. We ruled out white matter reductions as a possible indirect cause of the detected GMV increase. CONCLUSION: The present findings support the notion of hippocampus and amygdala modulation following an acute ECT series in patients with MDE. These results corroborate the hypothesis that ECT enables primarily unspecific and regionally dependent neuroplasticity effects to the brain.
BACKGROUND: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and depression have been associated with brain volume changes, especially in the hippocampus and the amygdala. METHODS: In this retrospective study we collected data from individual pre-post ECT whole brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of depressedpatients from six German university hospitals. Gray matter volume (GMV) changes were quantified via voxel-based morphometry in a total sample of 92 patients with major depressive episodes (MDE). Additionally, 43 healthy controls were scanned twice within a similar time interval. RESULTS: Most prominently longitudinal GMV increases occurred in temporal lobe regions. Within specific region of interests we detected significant increases of GMV in the hippocampus and the amygdala. These results were more pronounced in the right hemisphere. Decreases in GMV were not observed. GMV changes did not correlate with psychopathology, age, gender or number of ECT sessions. We ruled out white matter reductions as a possible indirect cause of the detected GMV increase. CONCLUSION: The present findings support the notion of hippocampus and amygdala modulation following an acute ECT series in patients with MDE. These results corroborate the hypothesis that ECT enables primarily unspecific and regionally dependent neuroplasticity effects to the brain.
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