Bryan Saunders1,2, Mariana Franchi3, Luana Farias de Oliveira3, Vinicius da Eira Silva3, Rafael Pires da Silva3, Vitor de Salles Painelli3, Luiz Augusto Riani Costa3, Craig Sale4, Roger Charles Harris5, Hamilton Roschel3, Guilherme Giannini Artioli3, Bruno Gualano3. 1. Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455-Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil. drbryansaunders@outlook.com. 2. Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. drbryansaunders@outlook.com. 3. Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455-Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil. 4. Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK. 5. Junipa Ltd, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of chronic beta-alanine (BA) supplementation on muscle taurine content, blood clinical markers and sensory side-effects. METHODS:Twenty-five healthy male participants (age 27 ± 4 years, height 1.75 ± 0.09 m, body mass 78.9 ± 11.7 kg) were supplemented with 6.4 g day-1 of sustained-release BA (N = 16; CarnoSyn™, NAI, USA) or placebo (PL; N = 9; maltodextrin) for 24 weeks. Resting muscle biopsies of the m. vastus lateralis were taken at 0, 12 and 24 weeks and analysed for taurine content (BA, N = 12; PL, N = 6) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Resting venous blood samples were taken every 4 weeks and analysed for markers of renal, hepatic and muscle function (BA, N = 15; PL, N = 8; aspartate transaminase; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; lactate dehydrogenase; albumin; globulin; creatinine; estimated glomerular filtration rate and creatine kinase). RESULTS: There was a significant main effect of group (p = 0.04) on muscle taurine, with overall lower values in PL, although there was no main effect of time or interaction effect (both p > 0.05) and no differences between specific timepoints (week 0, BA: 33.67 ± 8.18 mmol kg-1 dm, PL: 27.75 ± 4.86 mmol kg-1 dm; week 12, BA: 35.93 ± 8.79 mmol kg-1 dm, PL: 27.67 ± 4.75 mmol kg-1 dm; week 24, BA: 35.42 ± 6.16 mmol kg-1 dm, PL: 31.99 ± 5.60 mmol kg-1 dm). There was no effect of treatment, time or any interaction effects on any blood marker (all p > 0.05) and no self-reported side-effects in these participants throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: The current study showed that 24 weeks of BA supplementation at 6.4 g day-1 did not significantly affect muscle taurine content, clinical markers of renal, hepatic and muscle function, nor did it result in chronic sensory side-effects, in healthy individuals. Since athletes are likely to engage in chronic supplementation, these data provide important evidence to suggest that supplementation with BA at these doses for up to 24 weeks is safe for healthy individuals.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of chronic beta-alanine (BA) supplementation on muscle taurine content, blood clinical markers and sensory side-effects. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy male participants (age 27 ± 4 years, height 1.75 ± 0.09 m, body mass 78.9 ± 11.7 kg) were supplemented with 6.4 g day-1 of sustained-release BA (N = 16; CarnoSyn™, NAI, USA) or placebo (PL; N = 9; maltodextrin) for 24 weeks. Resting muscle biopsies of the m. vastus lateralis were taken at 0, 12 and 24 weeks and analysed for taurine content (BA, N = 12; PL, N = 6) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Resting venous blood samples were taken every 4 weeks and analysed for markers of renal, hepatic and muscle function (BA, N = 15; PL, N = 8; aspartate transaminase; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; lactate dehydrogenase; albumin; globulin; creatinine; estimated glomerular filtration rate and creatine kinase). RESULTS: There was a significant main effect of group (p = 0.04) on muscle taurine, with overall lower values in PL, although there was no main effect of time or interaction effect (both p > 0.05) and no differences between specific timepoints (week 0, BA: 33.67 ± 8.18 mmol kg-1 dm, PL: 27.75 ± 4.86 mmol kg-1 dm; week 12, BA: 35.93 ± 8.79 mmol kg-1 dm, PL: 27.67 ± 4.75 mmol kg-1 dm; week 24, BA: 35.42 ± 6.16 mmol kg-1 dm, PL: 31.99 ± 5.60 mmol kg-1 dm). There was no effect of treatment, time or any interaction effects on any blood marker (all p > 0.05) and no self-reported side-effects in these participants throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: The current study showed that 24 weeks of BA supplementation at 6.4 g day-1 did not significantly affect muscle taurine content, clinical markers of renal, hepatic and muscle function, nor did it result in chronic sensory side-effects, in healthy individuals. Since athletes are likely to engage in chronic supplementation, these data provide important evidence to suggest that supplementation with BA at these doses for up to 24 weeks is safe for healthy individuals.
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