Chul-Hoon Kim1, Myoung Soo Kim2, Myung Ja Kang3, Hyun Hee Kim4, Nam Jung Park5, Hyun Kyeong Jung6. 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea. 2. Department of Nursing, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea. Electronic address: kanosa@pknu.ac.kr. 3. Department of Nursing, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea. 4. Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea. 5. Infection Control Team, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea. 6. Urology Ward, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study examined the incidence of oral mucosa pressure ulcers (PUs) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and the relationship between biomechanical and physiological variables in onset of PUs. METHODS: A prospective observational descriptive study design was used. We recruited patients over 18 years of age with endotracheal tube (ETT) insertion in three ICUs in a tertiary hospital in Korea. We analysed 113 patient-days of data. Patient assessments and medical record reviews were conducted to gather biomechanical and physiological data. Fisher's exact tests and χ2 test and Spearman's rank correlations were used to compare data. RESULTS: The highest incidence of oral mucosa PUs occurred in lower oral mucosa (36.3%). There was a significant relationship between lower oral mucosa PU stage and bite-block or airway use (r = .20, p = .036), commercial ETT holder use (r = 0.19, p = .048), sedative use (r = -0.22, p = .022), and plasma protein (r = 0.20, p = .033). Upper oral mucosa PU stage was related to commercial ETT holder use (r = 0.19, p = .044), haemoglobin(r = 0.24, p = .011), haematocrit (r = 0.27, p = .004), and serum albumin (r = -0.24, p = .012). Stage was related to commercial ETT holder use in both sites (r = 0.28, p = .003), haematocrit (r = 0.19, p = .039), and serum albumin (r = -0.23, p = .015). CONCLUSION: Oral mucosa PUs developed more frequently and healed more quickly than general skin PUs. Taken together, these data indicate that biomechanical and haematological variables are risk factors associated with PU incidence should be considered in intensive care patients.
PURPOSE: This study examined the incidence of oral mucosa pressure ulcers (PUs) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and the relationship between biomechanical and physiological variables in onset of PUs. METHODS: A prospective observational descriptive study design was used. We recruited patients over 18 years of age with endotracheal tube (ETT) insertion in three ICUs in a tertiary hospital in Korea. We analysed 113 patient-days of data. Patient assessments and medical record reviews were conducted to gather biomechanical and physiological data. Fisher's exact tests and χ2 test and Spearman's rank correlations were used to compare data. RESULTS: The highest incidence of oral mucosa PUs occurred in lower oral mucosa (36.3%). There was a significant relationship between lower oral mucosa PU stage and bite-block or airway use (r = .20, p = .036), commercial ETT holder use (r = 0.19, p = .048), sedative use (r = -0.22, p = .022), and plasma protein (r = 0.20, p = .033). Upper oral mucosa PU stage was related to commercial ETT holder use (r = 0.19, p = .044), haemoglobin(r = 0.24, p = .011), haematocrit (r = 0.27, p = .004), and serum albumin (r = -0.24, p = .012). Stage was related to commercial ETT holder use in both sites (r = 0.28, p = .003), haematocrit (r = 0.19, p = .039), and serum albumin (r = -0.23, p = .015). CONCLUSION: Oral mucosa PUs developed more frequently and healed more quickly than general skin PUs. Taken together, these data indicate that biomechanical and haematological variables are risk factors associated with PU incidence should be considered in intensive care patients.
Authors: Sergey Rekhtman; Rachel Tannenbaum; Andrew Strunk; Morgan Birabaharan; Shari Wright; Nicole Grbic; Ashna Joseph; Stephanie K Lin; Aaron C Zhang; Eric C Lee; Erika Rivera; Michael Qiu; John Chelico; Amit Garg Journal: J Am Acad Dermatol Date: 2020-12-25 Impact factor: 11.527
Authors: Gabriela Schwab; Michelle Palmieri; Rodrigo M Zerbinati; Dmitry J S Sarmento; Thais Reis; Karem L Ortega; Italo T Kano; Rafael A V Caixeta; Bengt Hasséus; Dipak Sapkota; Roger Junges; Simone Giannecchini; André L F Costa; Sumatra M C P Jales; José A L Lindoso; Camila Barros Gallo; Paulo H Braz-Silva Journal: J Oral Microbiol Date: 2022-03-10 Impact factor: 5.474