Mary E Thompson1, Geoffrey T Fong2,3,4, Christian Boudreau1, Pete Driezen2, Grace Li2, Shannon Gravely2, K Michael Cummings5,6, Bryan W Heckman5,6, Richard O'Connor7, James F Thrasher8,9, Georges Nahhas5,6, Ron Borland10,11, Hua-Hie Yong10,12, Ann McNeill13,14, Sara C Hitchman13,14, Anne C K Quah2. 1. Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. 2. Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. 3. School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. 4. Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada. 5. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. 6. Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. 7. Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA. 8. Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. 9. Tobacco Research Department, Center for Population Health Research, Cuernavaca, Mexico. 10. Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 11. School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 12. School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia. 13. Addictions Department, King's College London, London, UK. 14. UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies, Nottingham, UK.
Abstract
AIM: To describe the methods of the 2016 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Smoking and Vaping (4CV) Survey, conducted in 2016 in Australia (AU), Canada (CA), England (EN) and the United States (US). METHODS: The respondents were cigarette smokers, former smokers (quit within the previous 2 years), and at-least-weekly vapers, aged 18 years and older. Eligible cohort members from the ITC Four Country Survey (4C) were retained. New respondents were sampled by commercial firms from their panels. Where possible, ages 18-24 and vapers were oversampled. Data were collected online, and respondents were remunerated. Survey weights were calibrated to benchmarks from nationally representative surveys. RESULTS: Response rates by country for new recruits once invited ranged from 15.2 to 49.6%. Sample sizes for smokers/former smokers were 1504 in AU, 3006 in CA, 3773 in EN and 2239 in the US. Sample sizes for additional vapers were 727 in CA, 551 in EN and 494 in the US. CONCLUSION: The International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey design and data collection methods allow analyses to examine prospectively the use of cigarettes and nicotine vaping products in jurisdictions with different regulatory policies. The effects on the sampling designs and response quality of recruiting the respondents from commercial panels are mitigated by the use of demographic and geographic quotas in sampling; by quality control measures; and by the construction of survey weights taking into account smoking/vaping status, sex, age, education and geography.
AIM: To describe the methods of the 2016 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Smoking and Vaping (4CV) Survey, conducted in 2016 in Australia (AU), Canada (CA), England (EN) and the United States (US). METHODS: The respondents were cigarette smokers, former smokers (quit within the previous 2 years), and at-least-weekly vapers, aged 18 years and older. Eligible cohort members from the ITC Four Country Survey (4C) were retained. New respondents were sampled by commercial firms from their panels. Where possible, ages 18-24 and vapers were oversampled. Data were collected online, and respondents were remunerated. Survey weights were calibrated to benchmarks from nationally representative surveys. RESULTS: Response rates by country for new recruits once invited ranged from 15.2 to 49.6%. Sample sizes for smokers/former smokers were 1504 in AU, 3006 in CA, 3773 in EN and 2239 in the US. Sample sizes for additional vapers were 727 in CA, 551 in EN and 494 in the US. CONCLUSION: The International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey design and data collection methods allow analyses to examine prospectively the use of cigarettes and nicotine vaping products in jurisdictions with different regulatory policies. The effects on the sampling designs and response quality of recruiting the respondents from commercial panels are mitigated by the use of demographic and geographic quotas in sampling; by quality control measures; and by the construction of survey weights taking into account smoking/vaping status, sex, age, education and geography.
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