Máirtín S McDermott1, Katherine A East1,2, Sara C Hitchman1,2, Ann McNeill1,2, Yannis Tountas3, Tibor Demjén4, Esteve Fernández5,6,7, Ute Mons8, Antigona C Trofor9,10, Aleksandra Herbeć11,12, Kinga Janik-Koncewicz11, Geoffrey T Fong13,14, Constantine I Vardavas15,16,17. 1. National Addiction Centre, King's College London, London, UK. 2. Shaping Public Health Policies to Reduce Inequalities and Harm (SPECTRUM), Nottingham, UK. 3. Center for Health Services Research, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (UoA), Athens, Greece. 4. Smoking or Health Hungarian Foundation (SHHF), Budapest, Hungary. 5. Tobacco Control Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain. 6. Tobacco Control Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain. 7. School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain. 8. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Cancer Prevention Unit & WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, Heidelberg, Germany. 9. Aer Pur Romania, Bucharest, Romania. 10. University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T.Popa', Iasi, Romania. 11. Health Promotion Foundation (HPF), Warsaw, Poland. 12. UCL Tobacco and Alcohol Research Group, London, UK. 13. Departments of Psychology and School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo (UW), Waterloo, Canada. 14. Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada. 15. European Network on Smoking and Tobacco Prevention (ENSP), Brussels, Belgium. 16. Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete (UoC), Heraklion, Greece. 17. European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Social norms have received little attention in relation to electronic cigarettes (EC). The current study examine social norms for EC use and smoking tobacco, and their associations with (i) initiation of EC use, (ii) intention to quit smoking and (iii) attempts to quit smoking. METHODS: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data analysis from Waves 1 and 2 of the ITC 6 European Country Survey and corresponding waves from England (the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey). Current smokers at baseline, who heard of ECs and provided data at both waves were included (n = 3702). Complex samples logistic regression examined associations between the outcomes and descriptive (seeing EC use in public, close friends using ECs/smoking) and injunctive (public approves of ECs/smoking) norms, adjusting for country, demographics, EC use and heaviness of smoking. RESULTS: In longitudinal analyses, seeing EC use in public at least some days was the only social norm that predicted initiation of EC use between waves (OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.08-2.56). In the cross-sectional analysis, having an intention to quit was associated with seeing EC use in public (OR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.04-1.81) and reporting fewer than three close friends smoke (OR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.44-0.80). There was no association between any social norm and making a quit attempt between waves. CONCLUSIONS: Initiation of EC use is predicted by seeing EC use in public, which was also associated with greater intention to quit smoking. Friends' smoking was associated with lower intention to quit. These findings may allay concerns that increased visibility of ECs is renormalizing smoking amongst current smokers.
BACKGROUND: Social norms have received little attention in relation to electronic cigarettes (EC). The current study examine social norms for EC use and smoking tobacco, and their associations with (i) initiation of EC use, (ii) intention to quit smoking and (iii) attempts to quit smoking. METHODS: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data analysis from Waves 1 and 2 of the ITC 6 European Country Survey and corresponding waves from England (the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey). Current smokers at baseline, who heard of ECs and provided data at both waves were included (n = 3702). Complex samples logistic regression examined associations between the outcomes and descriptive (seeing EC use in public, close friends using ECs/smoking) and injunctive (public approves of ECs/smoking) norms, adjusting for country, demographics, EC use and heaviness of smoking. RESULTS: In longitudinal analyses, seeing EC use in public at least some days was the only social norm that predicted initiation of EC use between waves (OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.08-2.56). In the cross-sectional analysis, having an intention to quit was associated with seeing EC use in public (OR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.04-1.81) and reporting fewer than three close friends smoke (OR = 0.59, 95%CI = 0.44-0.80). There was no association between any social norm and making a quit attempt between waves. CONCLUSIONS: Initiation of EC use is predicted by seeing EC use in public, which was also associated with greater intention to quit smoking. Friends' smoking was associated with lower intention to quit. These findings may allay concerns that increased visibility of ECs is renormalizing smoking amongst current smokers.
Authors: Robert J Wellman; Erika N Dugas; Hartley Dutczak; Erin K O'Loughlin; Geetanjali D Datta; Béatrice Lauzon; Jennifer O'Loughlin Journal: Am J Prev Med Date: 2016-05-11 Impact factor: 5.043
Authors: Robert Urman; Rob McConnell; Jennifer B Unger; Tess B Cruz; Jonathan M Samet; Kiros Berhane; Jessica L Barrington-Trimis Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2019-09-19 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Katherine A East; Sara C Hitchman; Mairtin McDermott; Ann McNeill; Aleksandra Herbeć; Yannis Tountas; Nicolas Bécuwe; Tibor Demjén; Marcela Fu; Esteve Fernández; Ute Mons; Antigona C Trofor; Witold A Zatoński; Geoffrey T Fong; Constantine I Vardavas Journal: Tob Induc Dis Date: 2019-03-22 Impact factor: 2.600
Authors: Katherine East; Leonie S Brose; Ann McNeill; Hazel Cheeseman; Deborah Arnott; Sara C Hitchman Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2018-10-02 Impact factor: 4.492