Jingyan Yang1,2, Marc Khalifé3, Renaud Lafage1, Han Jo Kim1, Justin Smith4, Christopher I Shaffrey4, Douglas C Burton5, Christopher P Ames6, Gregory M Mundis7, Richard Hostin8, Shay Bess9, Eric O Klineberg10, Robert A A Hart11, Frank J Schwab1, Virginie Lafage1. 1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. 3. Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris, France. 4. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA. 5. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Kansas Hospital Marc A. Asher, MD Comprehensive Spine Center, Kansas City, KS. 6. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA. 7. The San Diego Center for Spinal Disorders, San Diego, CA. 8. Baylor Scott & White Scoliosis Center, Plano, TX. 9. Denver International Spine Center, Denver, CO. 10. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA. 11. Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA.
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of prospective multicenter database. OBJECTIVE: To identify an optimal set of factors predicting the risk of proximal junctional failure (PJF) while taking the time dependency of PJF and those factors into account. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Surgical correction of adult spinal deformity (ASD) can be complex and therefore, may come with high revision rates due to PJF. METHODS: Seven hundred sixty-three operative ASD patients with a minimum of 1-year follow-up were included. PJF was defined as any type of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) requiring revision surgery. Time-dependent ROC curves were estimated with corresponding Cox proportional hazard models. The predictive abilities of demographic, surgical, radiographic parameters, and their possible combinations were assessed sequentially. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate models' performance. RESULTS: PJF occurred in 42 patients (6%), with a median time to revision of approximately 1 year. Larger preoperative pelvic tilt (PT) (hazard ratio [HR]=1.044, P = 0.034) significantly increased the risk of PJF. With respect to changes in the radiographic parameters at 6-week postsurgery, larger differences in pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) mismatch (HR = 0.924, P = 0.002) decreased risk of PJF. The combination of demographic, surgical, and radiographic parameters has the best predictive ability for the occurrence of PJF (AUC = 0.863), followed by demographic along with radiographic parameters (AUC = 0.859). Both models' predictive ability was preserved over time. CONCLUSIONS: Over correction increased the risk of PJF. Radiographic along with demographic parameters have shown the approximately equivalent predictive ability for PJF over time as with the addition of surgical parameters. Radiographic rather than surgical factors may be of particular importance in predicting the development of PJF over time. These results set the groundwork for risk stratification and corresponding prophylactic interventions for patients undergoing ASD surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of prospective multicenter database. OBJECTIVE: To identify an optimal set of factors predicting the risk of proximal junctional failure (PJF) while taking the time dependency of PJF and those factors into account. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Surgical correction of adult spinal deformity (ASD) can be complex and therefore, may come with high revision rates due to PJF. METHODS: Seven hundred sixty-three operative ASDpatients with a minimum of 1-year follow-up were included. PJF was defined as any type of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) requiring revision surgery. Time-dependent ROC curves were estimated with corresponding Cox proportional hazard models. The predictive abilities of demographic, surgical, radiographic parameters, and their possible combinations were assessed sequentially. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate models' performance. RESULTS: PJF occurred in 42 patients (6%), with a median time to revision of approximately 1 year. Larger preoperative pelvic tilt (PT) (hazard ratio [HR]=1.044, P = 0.034) significantly increased the risk of PJF. With respect to changes in the radiographic parameters at 6-week postsurgery, larger differences in pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) mismatch (HR = 0.924, P = 0.002) decreased risk of PJF. The combination of demographic, surgical, and radiographic parameters has the best predictive ability for the occurrence of PJF (AUC = 0.863), followed by demographic along with radiographic parameters (AUC = 0.859). Both models' predictive ability was preserved over time. CONCLUSIONS: Over correction increased the risk of PJF. Radiographic along with demographic parameters have shown the approximately equivalent predictive ability for PJF over time as with the addition of surgical parameters. Radiographic rather than surgical factors may be of particular importance in predicting the development of PJF over time. These results set the groundwork for risk stratification and corresponding prophylactic interventions for patients undergoing ASD surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.
Authors: Nathan J Lee; Zeeshan M Sardar; Venkat Boddapati; Justin Mathew; Meghan Cerpa; Eric Leung; Joseph Lombardi; Lawrence G Lenke; Ronald A Lehman Journal: Global Spine J Date: 2020-10-08