Warnakulasuriya B N T Fernando1, Thilini W Hettiarachchi1, Thilini Sudeshika2, Zeid Badurdeen1, Hemalika Abeysundara3, Shirani Ranasinghe4, Manel P Rathnayake5, Nishantha Nanayakkara6. 1. Centre for Education, Research and Training on Kidney Diseases (CERTKiD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. 2. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. 3. Department of Statistics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka. 4. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka. 5. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka. 6. Transplant and Dialysis Unit, Teaching Hospital, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
Abstract
AIM: Anaemia is a well-known complication of chronic kidney disease but there are no published studies on the pattern of anaemia in chronic kidney disease of uncertain aetiology (CKDu). This study aims to find out the prevalence, causes and associations of anaemia in CKDu to identify any unique features which are different from already described anaemia in chronic kidney disease. METHOD: All (119) biopsy-confirmed CKDu patients in two endemic clinics (Girandurukotte and Wilgamuwa) were selected as cases. Blood samples (10 mL) were collected from the peripheral veins into Potassium-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (K-EDTA) tubes, plain tubes and Na-citrated tubes. Serum was separated immediately by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 min. Spot urine samples were collected into empty, sterile, polypropylene urine containers. All analyses were performed in IBM spss statistics version 23 (IBM Corp, Armonk, New York). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of anaemia in 119 non-dialysis CKDu patients was 72.3% with the highest prevalence seen in females compared to males (P < 0.001). The prevalence of anaemia in CKDu patients with progression to renal failure was 66.7% - stage 1, 60% - stage 2, 50% - stage 3a, 95% - stage 3b, 79.2% - stage 4 and 100% - stage 5 (P = 0.005). Of CKDu patients, 44.3% had anaemia of chronic disease with iron deficiency. CKDu patients with anaemia had a high inflammatory score were seen in both early and late stages of CKDu. There were a similar proportion of patients with both early and late CKDu having unexplained anaemia. CONCLUSION: The current study showed a significant association of anaemia with disease severity among CKDu patients. Iron deficiency is a crucial aetiology factor of anaemia in CKDu and inflammation likely to effects adversely on anaemia of CKDu.
AIM: Anaemia is a well-known complication of chronic kidney disease but there are no published studies on the pattern of anaemia in chronic kidney disease of uncertain aetiology (CKDu). This study aims to find out the prevalence, causes and associations of anaemia in CKDu to identify any unique features which are different from already described anaemia in chronic kidney disease. METHOD: All (119) biopsy-confirmed CKDupatients in two endemic clinics (Girandurukotte and Wilgamuwa) were selected as cases. Blood samples (10 mL) were collected from the peripheral veins into Potassium-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (K-EDTA) tubes, plain tubes and Na-citrated tubes. Serum was separated immediately by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 min. Spot urine samples were collected into empty, sterile, polypropylene urine containers. All analyses were performed in IBM spss statistics version 23 (IBM Corp, Armonk, New York). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of anaemia in 119 non-dialysis CKDupatients was 72.3% with the highest prevalence seen in females compared to males (P < 0.001). The prevalence of anaemia in CKDupatients with progression to renal failure was 66.7% - stage 1, 60% - stage 2, 50% - stage 3a, 95% - stage 3b, 79.2% - stage 4 and 100% - stage 5 (P = 0.005). Of CKDupatients, 44.3% had anaemia of chronic disease with iron deficiency. CKDupatients with anaemia had a high inflammatory score were seen in both early and late stages of CKDu. There were a similar proportion of patients with both early and late CKDu having unexplained anaemia. CONCLUSION: The current study showed a significant association of anaemia with disease severity among CKDupatients. Iron deficiency is a crucial aetiology factor of anaemia in CKDu and inflammation likely to effects adversely on anaemia of CKDu.
Authors: Shakila Premarathne; Rohana Chandrajith; Nishantha Nanayakkara; C D Gamage; Neelakanthi Ratnatunga; Sulochana Wijetunge; Zeid Badurdeen; Shashika Guruge; N Elladeniya; K P S Madushan; K O C U Samarasiri; Pasan Hewavitharane; Dulanjali Herath; Sachintha Senarathne Journal: Biol Trace Elem Res Date: 2021-08-25 Impact factor: 3.738