Deksha Kapoor1, Romaina Iqbal2, Kalpana Singh3, Lindsay M Jaacks4, Roopa Shivashankar5, Vasudevan Sudha6, R M Anjana6, Masood Kadir2, Viswanathan Mohan6, Mohammed K Ali7, K Mv Narayan7, Nikhil Tandon8, Dorairaj Prabhakaran5, Anwar T Merchant9. 1. All India Institute of Medicine, New Delhi, India. deksha.kapoor@gmail.com. 2. Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. 3. Public Health Foundation of India, India. 4. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. 5. Public Health Foundation of India and Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurgaon, India. 6. Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India. 7. Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. 8. All India Institute of Medicine, New Delhi, India. 9. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of dietary patterns and dietary diversity with cardiometabolic disease risk factors among South Asians. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: In a population based study conducted in 2010-11, we recruited 16,287 adults aged >20 years residing in Delhi, Chennai, and Karachi. Diet was assessed using an interviewer-administered 26-item food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis identified three dietary patterns: Prudent, Indian, and Non-Vegetarian. We also computed a dietary diversity score. Multinomial and binary logistic regressions were used to calculate adjusted prevalence (95% confidence intervals) of cardio-metabolic disease risk factors across quartiles of dietary pattern and dietary diversity scores. RESULTS: The adjusted prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was lower among participants in the highest versus lowest quartile of the Prudent Pattern (4.7% [3.8-5.6] versus 10.3% [8.5-12.0]), and the Indian Pattern (4.8% [3.7-5.9] versus 8.7% [6.7-10.6] in highest versus lowest quartile, respectively). Participants following the Indian Pattern also had lower adjusted prevalence of diagnosed hypertension (7.0% [5.4-8.5] versus 10.6% [8.6-12.5] in highest versus lowest quartile, respectively). Participants in the highest versus lowest quartile of the dietary diversity score had a lower adjusted prevalence of diagnosed diabetes (4.1% [3.0-5.2] versus 8.2% [7.1-9.3]), diagnosed hypertension (6.7% [5.3-8.1] versus 10.3% [9.1-11.5]), and undiagnosed hypertension (14.2% [12.0-16.4] versus 18.5% [16.9-20.1]). CONCLUSIONS: High dietary diversity appears to be protective against cardio-metabolic disease risk factors in this urban cohort of South Asian adults. Further investigation to understand the underlying mechanism of this observation is warranted.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of dietary patterns and dietary diversity with cardiometabolic disease risk factors among South Asians. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: In a population based study conducted in 2010-11, we recruited 16,287 adults aged >20 years residing in Delhi, Chennai, and Karachi. Diet was assessed using an interviewer-administered 26-item food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis identified three dietary patterns: Prudent, Indian, and Non-Vegetarian. We also computed a dietary diversity score. Multinomial and binary logistic regressions were used to calculate adjusted prevalence (95% confidence intervals) of cardio-metabolic disease risk factors across quartiles of dietary pattern and dietary diversity scores. RESULTS: The adjusted prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was lower among participants in the highest versus lowest quartile of the Prudent Pattern (4.7% [3.8-5.6] versus 10.3% [8.5-12.0]), and the Indian Pattern (4.8% [3.7-5.9] versus 8.7% [6.7-10.6] in highest versus lowest quartile, respectively). Participants following the Indian Pattern also had lower adjusted prevalence of diagnosed hypertension (7.0% [5.4-8.5] versus 10.6% [8.6-12.5] in highest versus lowest quartile, respectively). Participants in the highest versus lowest quartile of the dietary diversity score had a lower adjusted prevalence of diagnosed diabetes (4.1% [3.0-5.2] versus 8.2% [7.1-9.3]), diagnosed hypertension (6.7% [5.3-8.1] versus 10.3% [9.1-11.5]), and undiagnosed hypertension (14.2% [12.0-16.4] versus 18.5% [16.9-20.1]). CONCLUSIONS: High dietary diversity appears to be protective against cardio-metabolic disease risk factors in this urban cohort of South Asian adults. Further investigation to understand the underlying mechanism of this observation is warranted.
Authors: Matthew O Gribble; Jennifer R Head; Dorairaj Prabhakaran; Deksha Kapoor; Vandana Garg; Deepa Mohan; Ranjit Mohan Anjana; Viswanathan Mohan; Sudha Vasudevan; M Masood Kadir; Nikhil Tandon; K M Venkat Narayan; Shivani A Patel; Lindsay M Jaacks Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-01-10 Impact factor: 3.390
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