Arif Sabta Aji1, Eti Yerizel2, Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto3. 1. Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Andalas, Padang, Indonesia. 2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Andalas, Padang, Indonesia. 3. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Andalas, Padang, Indonesia. nurindrawati@fk.unand.ac.id; indra.liputo@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: An adequate level of maternal vitamin D is essential for maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. We examined the relationship between lifestyle, maternal vitamin D intake and the vitamin D status of pregnant women. Methods and Study designs: The sample of the cross-sectional study was 203 third trimester pregnant women in September-November 2016 in four different districts of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Questionnaire was used to assess lifestyles, dietary intake, anthropometry, maternal characteristics, demography and socioeconomic data. The Vitamin D serum level was measured by the ELISA method and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, Pearson's correlation and logistic regression. RESULTS: 160 blood serum samples of pregnant women were collected. The means of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and maternal vitamin D intake were 29.06±11.39 ng/mL and 7.92±5.26 μg/day respectively. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency- insufficiency was 61.25%, and more than 85% of the women had inadequate vitamin D intake. We found that living in mountainous areas (p=0.03) and low physical activity (p=0.02) were significantly associated with maternal vitamin D levels as a prediction factor. In addition, younger who had lower pre-pregnancy weight had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of vitamin D were common among pregnant women in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Additional intake of vitamin D from supplements may be important to meet the recommended dietary level for pregnant women.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: An adequate level of maternal vitamin D is essential for maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. We examined the relationship between lifestyle, maternal vitamin D intake and the vitamin D status of pregnant women. Methods and Study designs: The sample of the cross-sectional study was 203 third trimester pregnant women in September-November 2016 in four different districts of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Questionnaire was used to assess lifestyles, dietary intake, anthropometry, maternal characteristics, demography and socioeconomic data. The Vitamin D serum level was measured by the ELISA method and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, Pearson's correlation and logistic regression. RESULTS: 160 blood serum samples of pregnant women were collected. The means of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and maternal vitamin D intake were 29.06±11.39 ng/mL and 7.92±5.26 μg/day respectively. The prevalence of vitamin Ddeficiency- insufficiency was 61.25%, and more than 85% of the women had inadequate vitamin D intake. We found that living in mountainous areas (p=0.03) and low physical activity (p=0.02) were significantly associated with maternal vitamin D levels as a prediction factor. In addition, younger who had lower pre-pregnancy weight had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of vitamin D were common among pregnant women in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Additional intake of vitamin D from supplements may be important to meet the recommended dietary level for pregnant women.