Takayuki Imai1, Ryo Inoue2, Yuki Kawada2, Yasuhiro Morita1, Osamu Inatomi1, Atsushi Nishida1, Shigeki Bamba1, Masahiro Kawahara1, Akira Andoh3. 1. Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan. 2. Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan. 3. Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan. andoh@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There are no previous reports describing the fecal fungal microbiome of a Japanese population using advanced molecular techniques. In this study, we performed a molecular analysis on the fungal microbial community of a healthy Japanese population and patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fecal samples were obtained from 18 patients with inactive ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 18), Crohn's disease (CD, n = 20) and healthy volunteers (n = 20). Bacterial and fungal microbiome was analyzed by sequencing of 16S rRNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, respectively. RESULTS: 16S rRNA sequencing of the bacterial microbiome revealed that the α-diversity indicated by the Chao-1 and Shannon indices was significantly lower in CD patients compared to healthy controls and/or UC patients. Principal coordinate (PCo) analysis of the bacterial community revealed significant structural differences in microbiome among healthy controls, UC and CD patients (PERMANOVA P = 0.0001). ITS sequencing of the fungal microbiome indicated no significant differences in α-diversity between healthy controls and IBD patients. However, the overall structure of the fungal microbial community of CD patients was significantly different from those of healthy controls and UC patients (PERMANOVA = 0.03). At the genus level, the genus Saccharomyces was dominant and this was followed by the genus Sarocladium in healthy controls. The abundance of the genus Candida was significantly higher in CD patients than healthy controls and/or UC patients. CONCLUSION: The fecal fungal microbiome of a Japanese population differed considerably from that of a Western population. We identified fungal dysbiosis in Japanese patients with IBD.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There are no previous reports describing the fecal fungal microbiome of a Japanese population using advanced molecular techniques. In this study, we performed a molecular analysis on the fungal microbial community of a healthy Japanese population and patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fecal samples were obtained from 18 patients with inactive ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 18), Crohn's disease (CD, n = 20) and healthy volunteers (n = 20). Bacterial and fungal microbiome was analyzed by sequencing of 16S rRNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, respectively. RESULTS: 16S rRNA sequencing of the bacterial microbiome revealed that the α-diversity indicated by the Chao-1 and Shannon indices was significantly lower in CDpatients compared to healthy controls and/or UC patients. Principal coordinate (PCo) analysis of the bacterial community revealed significant structural differences in microbiome among healthy controls, UC and CDpatients (PERMANOVA P = 0.0001). ITS sequencing of the fungal microbiome indicated no significant differences in α-diversity between healthy controls and IBDpatients. However, the overall structure of the fungal microbial community of CDpatients was significantly different from those of healthy controls and UC patients (PERMANOVA = 0.03). At the genus level, the genus Saccharomyces was dominant and this was followed by the genus Sarocladium in healthy controls. The abundance of the genus Candida was significantly higher in CDpatients than healthy controls and/or UC patients. CONCLUSION: The fecal fungal microbiome of a Japanese population differed considerably from that of a Western population. We identified fungal dysbiosis in Japanese patients with IBD.
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