M I Zafar1, K E Mills2, J Zheng1, M M Peng1, X Ye1, L L Chen1. 1. Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. 2. Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Low glycaemic index (GI) diets may aid in weight loss by reducing postprandial blood glucose excursions, leading to more stable blood glucose concentrations and therefore a reduction in hunger. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing low GI diets with other diet types. METHODS: We included 101 studies involving 109 study arms and 8,527 participants. We meta-analysed the studies using a random-effects model and conducted subgroup analyses and meta-regression based on control diet, blood glucose control, baseline BMI and dietary GI. RESULTS: Low GI diets resulted in small but significant improvements in body weight, BMI, LDL and total cholesterol overall, although no individual control diet was significantly different from low GI diets. Studies in people with normal blood glucose who achieved a difference in GI of 20 points or more resulted in a larger reduction in body weight (SMD = -0.26; 95% CIs [-0.43, -0.09]), and total cholesterol (SMD = -0.24; 95% CIs [-0.42, -0.05]) than studies that only achieved a smaller reduction in GI. CONCLUSIONS: Low GI diets, especially diets achieving a substantial decrease in GI, were moderately effective in lowering body weight. However, efforts should be made to increase compliance with low GI diets, in order for them to be effective in people with overweight and obesity.
OBJECTIVES: Low glycaemic index (GI) diets may aid in weight loss by reducing postprandial blood glucose excursions, leading to more stable blood glucose concentrations and therefore a reduction in hunger. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing low GI diets with other diet types. METHODS: We included 101 studies involving 109 study arms and 8,527 participants. We meta-analysed the studies using a random-effects model and conducted subgroup analyses and meta-regression based on control diet, blood glucose control, baseline BMI and dietary GI. RESULTS: Low GI diets resulted in small but significant improvements in body weight, BMI, LDL and total cholesterol overall, although no individual control diet was significantly different from low GI diets. Studies in people with normal blood glucose who achieved a difference in GI of 20 points or more resulted in a larger reduction in body weight (SMD = -0.26; 95% CIs [-0.43, -0.09]), and total cholesterol (SMD = -0.24; 95% CIs [-0.42, -0.05]) than studies that only achieved a smaller reduction in GI. CONCLUSIONS: Low GI diets, especially diets achieving a substantial decrease in GI, were moderately effective in lowering body weight. However, efforts should be made to increase compliance with low GI diets, in order for them to be effective in people with overweight and obesity.
Authors: Kevin D Hall; I Sadaf Farooqi; Jeffery M Friedman; Samuel Klein; Ruth J F Loos; David J Mangelsdorf; Stephen O'Rahilly; Eric Ravussin; Leanne M Redman; Donna H Ryan; John R Speakman; Deirdre K Tobias Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2022-05-01 Impact factor: 8.472
Authors: Yoriko Heianza; Tao Zhou; Chen Yuhang; Tao Huang; Walter C Willett; Frank B Hu; George A Bray; Frank M Sacks; Lu Qi Journal: Diabetes Date: 2020-06-03 Impact factor: 9.461
Authors: Shannan M Grant; Andrea J Glenn; Thomas M S Wolever; Robert G Josse; Deborah L O'Connor; Alexandra Thompson; Rebecca D Noseworthy; Maxine Seider; Melissa Sobie; Gurita Bhatti; Julianne Cavanagh; Emily Jones; Pauline B Darling Journal: Nutrients Date: 2020-08-12 Impact factor: 5.717