Mohak Mhatre1, Sharareh Adeli2, Errol Norwitz1,3, Sabrina Craigo1,3, Mark Phillippe2,4, Andrea Edlow1,3. 1. 1 Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. 2. 2 Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 3. 3 Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. 4. 4 Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Edlow is now with Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology and Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The fetal fraction of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma is decreased in obese women. The underlying mechanism is not well understood. The amount of cfDNA released from the placenta has not been directly examined in maternal obesity. OBJECTIVE: We sought to quantify release of cfDNA from the placenta and fetal membranes in maternal diet-induced obesity using explant cultures in an established mouse model. STUDY DESIGN: C57BL6/J females were fed either 60% high-fat diet or 10% fat-matched control diet for 14 weeks prepregnancy and throughout gestation. Placentas and fetal membranes were collected on e18 and randomly allocated to time 0-, 1-, or 6-hour culture times. The CfDNA was isolated from culture media, quantified, and normalized to tissue weight. RESULTS: Placentas from obese dams released significantly less cfDNA compared to those of lean dams at time 0 (45.8 ± 4.3 ng/mg vs 65.6 ± 7.9 ng/mg, P = .02). Absolute cfDNA levels increased with longer placental culture, with no significant differences between obese and lean dams at 1 and 6 hours. Membranes released significantly less cfDNA than did placentas at every time point. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal obesity is associated with decreased release of cfDNA from the placenta compared to lean controls immediately after tissue harvest. This may provide an alternative explanation for the lower fetal fraction of cfDNA noted in maternal obesity.
BACKGROUND: The fetal fraction of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma is decreased in obesewomen. The underlying mechanism is not well understood. The amount of cfDNA released from the placenta has not been directly examined in maternal obesity. OBJECTIVE: We sought to quantify release of cfDNA from the placenta and fetal membranes in maternal diet-induced obesity using explant cultures in an established mouse model. STUDY DESIGN: C57BL6/J females were fed either 60% high-fat diet or 10% fat-matched control diet for 14 weeks prepregnancy and throughout gestation. Placentas and fetal membranes were collected on e18 and randomly allocated to time 0-, 1-, or 6-hour culture times. The CfDNA was isolated from culture media, quantified, and normalized to tissue weight. RESULTS: Placentas from obese dams released significantly less cfDNA compared to those of lean dams at time 0 (45.8 ± 4.3 ng/mg vs 65.6 ± 7.9 ng/mg, P = .02). Absolute cfDNA levels increased with longer placental culture, with no significant differences between obese and lean dams at 1 and 6 hours. Membranes released significantly less cfDNA than did placentas at every time point. CONCLUSIONS:Maternal obesity is associated with decreased release of cfDNA from the placenta compared to lean controls immediately after tissue harvest. This may provide an alternative explanation for the lower fetal fraction of cfDNA noted in maternal obesity.
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