Zhicheng Chen1, David Mengel1, Ashvini Keshavan2, Robert A Rissman3, Andrew Billinton4, Michael Perkinton4, Jennifer Percival-Alwyn4, Aaron Schultz5, Michael Properzi5, Keith Johnson5, Dennis J Selkoe1, Reisa A Sperling1, Purvish Patel6, Henrik Zetterberg7, Douglas Galasko8, Jonathan M Schott2, Dominic M Walsh9. 1. Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 2. Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, England. 3. Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA. 4. AstraZeneca Neuroscience Innovative Medicines, MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge, England. 5. Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA. 6. Quanterix Corporation, Lexington, MA, USA. 7. Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, England; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, England; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden. 8. Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. 9. Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, England. Electronic address: dwalsh3@bwh.harvard.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The tau protein plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and there is huge interest in measuring tau in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS: We developed a set of immunoassays to measure tau in specimens from humans diagnosed based on current best clinical and CSF biomarker criteria. RESULTS: In CSF, mid-region- and N-terminal-detected tau predominated and rose in disease. In plasma, an N-terminal assay (NT1) detected elevated levels of tau in AD and AD-mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Plasma NT1 measurements separated controls from AD-MCI (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.88) and AD (AUC = 0.96) in a discovery cohort and in a Validation Cohort (with AUCs = 0.79 and 0.75, respectively). DISCUSSION: The forms of tau in CSF and plasma are distinct, but in each specimen type, the levels of certain fragments are increased in AD. Measurement of plasma NT1 tau should be aggressively pursued as a potential blood-based screening test for AD/AD-MCI.
INTRODUCTION: The tau protein plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and there is huge interest in measuring tau in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS: We developed a set of immunoassays to measure tau in specimens from humans diagnosed based on current best clinical and CSF biomarker criteria. RESULTS: In CSF, mid-region- and N-terminal-detected tau predominated and rose in disease. In plasma, an N-terminal assay (NT1) detected elevated levels of tau in AD and AD-mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Plasma NT1 measurements separated controls from AD-MCI (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.88) and AD (AUC = 0.96) in a discovery cohort and in a Validation Cohort (with AUCs = 0.79 and 0.75, respectively). DISCUSSION: The forms of tau in CSF and plasma are distinct, but in each specimen type, the levels of certain fragments are increased in AD. Measurement of plasma NT1 tau should be aggressively pursued as a potential blood-based screening test for AD/AD-MCI.
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