Histone modifications and the DNA double-strand break response.

The timely and precise repair of DNA damage, or more specifically DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) - the most deleterious DNA lesions, is crucial for maintaining genome integrity and cellular homeostasis. An appropriate cellular response to DNA DSBs requires the integration of various factors, including the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of chromatin and chromatin-associated proteins. Notably, the PTMs of histones have been shown to play a fundamental role in initiating and regulating cellular responses to DNA DSBs. Here we review the role of the major histone PTMs, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, methylation and acetylation, and their interactions during DNA DSB-induced responses.