Neşe Asal1, Nuray Bayar Muluk2,3, Mikail Inal1, Mehmet Hamdi Şahan1, Adil Doğan4, Sadiye Visal Buturak5. 1. Faculty of Medicine, Radiology Department, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey. 2. Faculty of Medicine, ENT Department, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey. nuray.bayar@yahoo.com. 3. Birlik Mahallesi, Zirvekent 2, Etap Sitesi, C-3 blok, No: 6-3/43, 06610, Çankaya/Ankara, Turkey. nuray.bayar@yahoo.com. 4. Faculty of Medicine, Radiology Department, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. 5. Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry Department, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we investigated olfactory bulb (OB) volume and olfactory sulcus (OS) depth of the psychotic patients (predominantly schizophrenia) and patients with anxiety disorder/depression. METHODS: This study was conducted retrospectively. Group 1 consisted of 30 psychotic patients (predominantly schizophrenia) (19 males and 11 females). Group 2 consisted of 37 patients with anxiety disorder/depression (10 males, 27 females). Group 3 consisted of 30 non-psychotic and non-anxiety disorder/depression subjects (9 males and 21 females). OB volume and OS depth measurements were performed on Cranial MRI. RESULTS: OB volume (right and left) of the psychotic; and anxiety disorder/depression groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (padjusted < 0.0175). OS depth (Left) value of anxiety disorder/depression group was significantly lower than those of the control group (padjusted < 0.0175). In psychotic and anxiety disorder/depression groups, left OS depth values were significantly lower than those of the right side (p < 0.05). In each of the males and females of the anxiety disorder/depression group, left OS depth values were significantly lower than those of the right side (p < 0.05). In psychotic group, OS depth (left) values get lower in older patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Decreased OB volume in the psychotic patients and decreased OB volume and OS depth in anxiety disorder/depression patients were detected. Lower OB volume and OS depth are related to the olfactory loss/or olfactory impairment. Physicians should be aware of the olfactory deficits in psychotic patients (mainly schizophrenia) and patients with anxiety disorder/depression. When reduced OB volume is detected on MRI, psychosis, schizophrenia or depression should also be kept in mind and the patients should be evaluated in detail for these diseases.
OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we investigated olfactory bulb (OB) volume and olfactory sulcus (OS) depth of the psychoticpatients (predominantly schizophrenia) and patients with anxiety disorder/depression. METHODS: This study was conducted retrospectively. Group 1 consisted of 30 psychoticpatients (predominantly schizophrenia) (19 males and 11 females). Group 2 consisted of 37 patients with anxiety disorder/depression (10 males, 27 females). Group 3 consisted of 30 non-psychotic and non-anxiety disorder/depression subjects (9 males and 21 females). OB volume and OS depth measurements were performed on Cranial MRI. RESULTS:OB volume (right and left) of the psychotic; and anxiety disorder/depression groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (padjusted < 0.0175). OS depth (Left) value of anxiety disorder/depression group was significantly lower than those of the control group (padjusted < 0.0175). In psychotic and anxiety disorder/depression groups, left OS depth values were significantly lower than those of the right side (p < 0.05). In each of the males and females of the anxiety disorder/depression group, left OS depth values were significantly lower than those of the right side (p < 0.05). In psychotic group, OS depth (left) values get lower in older patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Decreased OB volume in the psychoticpatients and decreased OB volume and OS depth in anxiety disorder/depressionpatients were detected. Lower OB volume and OS depth are related to the olfactory loss/or olfactory impairment. Physicians should be aware of the olfactory deficits in psychoticpatients (mainly schizophrenia) and patients with anxiety disorder/depression. When reduced OB volume is detected on MRI, psychosis, schizophrenia or depression should also be kept in mind and the patients should be evaluated in detail for these diseases.
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