Ethan D Borre1, Adam Goode1,2, Giselle Raitz1, Bimal Shah1,3, Angela Lowenstern4,5, Ranee Chatterjee1, Lauren Sharan1, Nancy M Allen LaPointe1,6, Roshini Yapa7, J Kelly Davis8, Kathryn Lallinger1,4,9, Robyn Schmidt1,4,9, Andrzej Kosinski10, Sana M Al-Khatib4,5, Gillian D Sanders1,4,8,9. 1. Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States. 2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States. 3. Livongo, Mountain View, California, United States. 4. Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States. 5. Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina. 6. Premier Inc., Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. 7. Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States. 8. Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States. 9. Evidence-Based Practice Center, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States. 10. Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia that increases the risk of stroke. Medical therapy for decreasing stroke risk involves anticoagulation, which may increase bleeding risk for certain patients. In determining the optimal therapy for stroke prevention for patients with AF, clinicians use tools with various clinical, imaging and patient characteristics to weigh stroke risk against therapy-associated bleeding risk. AIM: This article reviews published literature and summarizes available risk stratification tools for stroke and bleeding prediction in patients with AF. METHODS: We searched for English-language studies in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews published between 1 January 2000 and 14 February 2018. Two reviewers screened citations for studies that examined tools for predicting thromboembolic and bleeding risks in patients with AF. Data regarding study design, patient characteristics, interventions, outcomes, quality, and applicability were extracted. RESULTS: Sixty-one studies were relevant to predicting thromboembolic risk and 38 to predicting bleeding risk. Data suggest that CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc and the age, biomarkers, and clinical history (ABC) risk scores have the best evidence for predicting thromboembolic risk (moderate strength of evidence for limited prediction ability of each score) and that HAS-BLED has the best evidence for predicting bleeding risk (moderate strength of evidence). LIMITATIONS: Studies were heterogeneous in methodology and populations of interest, setting, interventions and outcomes analysed. CONCLUSION: CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc and ABC scores have the best prediction for stroke events, and HAS-BLED provides the best prediction for bleeding risk. Future studies should define the role of imaging tools and biomarkers in enhancing the accuracy of risk prediction tools. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PROSPERO #CRD42017069999). Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia that increases the risk of stroke. Medical therapy for decreasing stroke risk involves anticoagulation, which may increase bleeding risk for certain patients. In determining the optimal therapy for stroke prevention for patients with AF, clinicians use tools with various clinical, imaging and patient characteristics to weigh stroke risk against therapy-associated bleeding risk. AIM: This article reviews published literature and summarizes available risk stratification tools for stroke and bleeding prediction in patients with AF. METHODS: We searched for English-language studies in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews published between 1 January 2000 and 14 February 2018. Two reviewers screened citations for studies that examined tools for predicting thromboembolic and bleeding risks in patients with AF. Data regarding study design, patient characteristics, interventions, outcomes, quality, and applicability were extracted. RESULTS: Sixty-one studies were relevant to predicting thromboembolic risk and 38 to predicting bleeding risk. Data suggest that CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc and the age, biomarkers, and clinical history (ABC) risk scores have the best evidence for predicting thromboembolic risk (moderate strength of evidence for limited prediction ability of each score) and that HAS-BLED has the best evidence for predicting bleeding risk (moderate strength of evidence). LIMITATIONS: Studies were heterogeneous in methodology and populations of interest, setting, interventions and outcomes analysed. CONCLUSION: CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc and ABC scores have the best prediction for stroke events, and HAS-BLED provides the best prediction for bleeding risk. Future studies should define the role of imaging tools and biomarkers in enhancing the accuracy of risk prediction tools. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PROSPERO #CRD42017069999). Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
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