Adilson Marques1,2,3, Miguel Peralta4, Hugo Sarmento5, Vânia Loureiro6, Élvio R Gouveia7, Margarida Gaspar de Matos8,9. 1. Centro Interdisciplinar do Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal. amarques@fmh.ulisboa.pt. 2. Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. amarques@fmh.ulisboa.pt. 3. Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. amarques@fmh.ulisboa.pt. 4. Centro Interdisciplinar do Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal. 5. Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. 6. Escola Superior de Educação, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Beja, Portugal. 7. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal. 8. Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. 9. Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Exercise dependence (EXD) can be considered an addictive behaviour because it presents signs typical of other addictive behaviours. Despite possible health problems related to EXD, the prevalence of risk for EXD has never been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVE: This article aimed to systematically review the prevalence of risk for EXD. METHODS: Studies were identified from searches in the ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science electronic databases up to June 2018. Empirical studies were selected if (1) they included the outcomes of the prevalence of EXD; (2) participants were regular exercisers; and (3) they were published in either the English, French, Portuguese, or Spanish languages. A total of 34 articles met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of risk for EXD was estimated to be between 3 and 7% of regular exercisers and the university student population, and between 6 and 9% of the athlete population. CONCLUSION: The results of this review indicated that the prevalence of risk for EXD varies with the characteristics of the exerciser, but an overall prevalence of 3-9% is estimated. Risk for EXD is a cause for concern and, from a public health point of view, is a problem that has to be addressed.
BACKGROUND: Exercise dependence (EXD) can be considered an addictive behaviour because it presents signs typical of other addictive behaviours. Despite possible health problems related to EXD, the prevalence of risk for EXD has never been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVE: This article aimed to systematically review the prevalence of risk for EXD. METHODS: Studies were identified from searches in the ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science electronic databases up to June 2018. Empirical studies were selected if (1) they included the outcomes of the prevalence of EXD; (2) participants were regular exercisers; and (3) they were published in either the English, French, Portuguese, or Spanish languages. A total of 34 articles met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of risk for EXD was estimated to be between 3 and 7% of regular exercisers and the university student population, and between 6 and 9% of the athlete population. CONCLUSION: The results of this review indicated that the prevalence of risk for EXD varies with the characteristics of the exerciser, but an overall prevalence of 3-9% is estimated. Risk for EXD is a cause for concern and, from a public health point of view, is a problem that has to be addressed.
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