Jae-Won Choi1, Joonki Lee2, Sun Jae Jung3,4, Aesun Shin2, Yu Jin Lee5. 1. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 3. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. 4. Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 5. Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Researchers have previously reported a possible association between sedative-hypnotics and increased mortality. However, the relationship remains controversial. We investigated the association between sedative-hypnotics and mortality using a large population-based database from the Republic of Korea. METHODS: We used a National Health Insurance Service database. The study population was a 5% random sample of the database from the years 2002- 2015. Individuals who were age 40 years and older were included in the analysis. The sedative-hypnotic users were defined as individuals prescribed 30 or more defined daily doses of sedative-hypnotics per year since January 2004. Sedative-hypnotics were classified based on type and total amount. We estimated the risk of mortality (death from January 2004 to December 2015) using time-dependent Cox regression model adjusted for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and psychiatric comorbidity. RESULTS: We identified 180,823 study participants who used sedative-hypnotics and 320,136 nonusers. In a multivariate model, study participants who used sedative-hypnotics had significantly higher mortality risk than nonusers (hazard ratio [HR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-1.16). Specifically, study participants who used zolpidem had a higher mortality risk (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.52-1.67) than nonusers. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the current study results, sedative-hypnotics were associated with an increased risk of mortality, especially in study participants who used zolpidem.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Researchers have previously reported a possible association between sedative-hypnotics and increased mortality. However, the relationship remains controversial. We investigated the association between sedative-hypnotics and mortality using a large population-based database from the Republic of Korea. METHODS: We used a National Health Insurance Service database. The study population was a 5% random sample of the database from the years 2002- 2015. Individuals who were age 40 years and older were included in the analysis. The sedative-hypnotic users were defined as individuals prescribed 30 or more defined daily doses of sedative-hypnotics per year since January 2004. Sedative-hypnotics were classified based on type and total amount. We estimated the risk of mortality (death from January 2004 to December 2015) using time-dependent Cox regression model adjusted for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and psychiatric comorbidity. RESULTS: We identified 180,823 study participants who used sedative-hypnotics and 320,136 nonusers. In a multivariate model, study participants who used sedative-hypnotics had significantly higher mortality risk than nonusers (hazard ratio [HR] 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-1.16). Specifically, study participants who used zolpidem had a higher mortality risk (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.52-1.67) than nonusers. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the current study results, sedative-hypnotics were associated with an increased risk of mortality, especially in study participants who used zolpidem.
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