Takuma Matsubara1, Nana Takakura1, Mariko Urata1, Yuya Muramatsu1, Makoto Tsuboi1, Kazuma Yasuda1, William N Addison2, Min Zhang3, Kou Matsuo3, Chihiro Nakatomi1, Yukiyo Shigeyama-Tada4, Takeshi Kaneuji5, Atsuko Nakamichi6, Shoichiro Kokabu7. 1. Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, School of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan. 2. Research Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. 3. Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Health Promotion, School of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan. 4. Division of Dental Anesthesiology, Department of Control of Physical Functions, School of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan. 5. Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan. 6. Department of Oral Functional Management, School of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan. 7. Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, School of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan r14kokabu@fa.kyu-dent.ac.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The global incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has risen precipitously, even in middle- and low-income countries. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) plays an important role in the control of cellular glucose metabolism. Activation of PPARγ beneficially results in increased insulin sensitivity. However, the expression of PPARγ is reduced by obesity and several nutritional factors. Here we examined the effect of geranylgeraniol (GGOH), a bioactive compound found naturally in fruits, vegetables, and grains, on the expression and activation of PPARγ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C3H10T1/2 mouse embryonic fibroblasts and 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were used as in vitro models of adipocyte differentiation and function. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, Oil Red O staining, and luciferase assay were performed to respectively assess mRNA expression, protein levels, lipid droplet formation and transcriptional activity. RESULTS: GGOH increased the expression of PPARγ in adipocyte lineage cells. GGOH also enhanced adipogenesis induced by rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione class PPARγ agonist. CONCLUSION: GGOH induces PPARγ expression and enhances the biological effects of a PPARγ agonist in adipocyte lineage cells. Copyright
BACKGROUND: The global incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has risen precipitously, even in middle- and low-income countries. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) plays an important role in the control of cellular glucose metabolism. Activation of PPARγ beneficially results in increased insulin sensitivity. However, the expression of PPARγ is reduced by obesity and several nutritional factors. Here we examined the effect of geranylgeraniol (GGOH), a bioactive compound found naturally in fruits, vegetables, and grains, on the expression and activation of PPARγ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C3H10T1/2 mouse embryonic fibroblasts and 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were used as in vitro models of adipocyte differentiation and function. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, Oil Red O staining, and luciferase assay were performed to respectively assess mRNA expression, protein levels, lipid droplet formation and transcriptional activity. RESULTS:GGOH increased the expression of PPARγ in adipocyte lineage cells. GGOH also enhanced adipogenesis induced by rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione class PPARγ agonist. CONCLUSION:GGOH induces PPARγ expression and enhances the biological effects of a PPARγ agonist in adipocyte lineage cells. Copyright
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