Pedrum Mohammadi-Shemirani1,2,3, Jennifer Sjaarda1,2,3, Hertzel C Gerstein1,4, Darin J Treleaven5, Michael Walsh5, Johannes F Mann6, Matthew J McQueen7, Sibylle Hess8, Guillaume Paré9,2,7,10. 1. Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 2. Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 3. Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario, Canada. 4. Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 5. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 6. KfH Kidney Center, München, Germany. 7. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 8. Sanofi Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Research and Development Division, Translational Medicine and Early Development, Biomarkers and Clinical Bioanalyses, Frankfurt, Germany. 9. Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; pareg@mcmaster.ca. 10. Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Identifying markers of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that occur early in the disease process and are specific to loss of kidney function rather than other underlying causes of disease may allow earlier, more accurate identification of patients who will develop CKD. We therefore sought to identify diagnostic blood markers of early CKD that are caused by loss of kidney function by using an innovative "reverse Mendelian randomization" (MR) approach. METHODS: We applied this technique to genetic and biomarker data from 4147 participants in the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial, all with known type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, or impaired glucose tolerance. Two-sample MR was conducted using variants associated with creatinine-based eGFR (eGFRcrea) from the CKDGen Consortium (n = 133814) to estimate the effect of genetically decreased eGFRcrea on 238 serum biomarkers. RESULTS: With reverse MR, trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) was identified as a protein that is increased owing to decreased eGFRcrea (β = 1.86 SD per SD decrease eGFRcrea; 95% CI, 0.95-2.76; P = 8.0 × 10-5). Reverse MR findings were consistent with epidemiological associations for incident CKD in ORIGIN (OR = 1.28 per SD increase in TFF3; 95% CI, 1.18-1.38; P = 4.58 × 10-10). Addition of TFF3 significantly improved discrimination for incident CKD relative to eGFRcrea alone (net reclassification improvement = 0.211; P = 9.56 × 10-12) and in models including additional risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest TFF3 is a valuable diagnostic marker for early CKD in dysglycemic populations and acts as a proof of concept for the application of this novel MR technique to identify diagnostic biomarkers for other chronic diseases. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT00069784.
BACKGROUND: Identifying markers of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that occur early in the disease process and are specific to loss of kidney function rather than other underlying causes of disease may allow earlier, more accurate identification of patients who will develop CKD. We therefore sought to identify diagnostic blood markers of early CKD that are caused by loss of kidney function by using an innovative "reverse Mendelian randomization" (MR) approach. METHODS: We applied this technique to genetic and biomarker data from 4147 participants in the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial, all with known type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, or impaired glucose tolerance. Two-sample MR was conducted using variants associated with creatinine-based eGFR (eGFRcrea) from the CKDGen Consortium (n = 133814) to estimate the effect of genetically decreased eGFRcrea on 238 serum biomarkers. RESULTS: With reverse MR, trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) was identified as a protein that is increased owing to decreased eGFRcrea (β = 1.86 SD per SD decrease eGFRcrea; 95% CI, 0.95-2.76; P = 8.0 × 10-5). Reverse MR findings were consistent with epidemiological associations for incident CKD in ORIGIN (OR = 1.28 per SD increase in TFF3; 95% CI, 1.18-1.38; P = 4.58 × 10-10). Addition of TFF3 significantly improved discrimination for incident CKD relative to eGFRcrea alone (net reclassification improvement = 0.211; P = 9.56 × 10-12) and in models including additional risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest TFF3 is a valuable diagnostic marker for early CKD in dysglycemic populations and acts as a proof of concept for the application of this novel MR technique to identify diagnostic biomarkers for other chronic diseases. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT00069784.
Authors: Émilie Gobeil; Ina Maltais-Payette; Nele Taba; Francis Brière; Nooshin Ghodsian; Erik Abner; Jérôme Bourgault; Eloi Gagnon; Hasanga D Manikpurage; Christian Couture; Patricia L Mitchell; Patrick Mathieu; François Julien; Jacques Corbeil; Marie-Claude Vohl; Sébastien Thériault; Tõnu Esko; André Tchernof; Benoit J Arsenault Journal: Metabolites Date: 2022-05-13
Authors: Tom G Richardson; Genevieve M Leyden; Qin Wang; Joshua A Bell; Benjamin Elsworth; George Davey Smith; Michael V Holmes Journal: PLoS Biol Date: 2022-02-25 Impact factor: 8.029