Romain Palich1, Jade Ghosn2, Antoine Chaillon3,4, Valérie Boilet4,5, Marie-Laure Nere1, Marie-Laure Chaix1,4, Pierre Delobel6, Jean-Michel Molina7, Frédéric Lucht8, Olivier Bouchaud9, Véronique Rieux4,10, Rodolphe Thiebaut4,5, Yves Levy4,11, Constance Delaugerre1,4, Jean-Daniel Lelievre4,11. 1. Département de Virologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Inserm U941, Université Paris Diderot. 2. Unité Fonctionnelle de Thérapeutique en Immuno-Infectiologie, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France. 3. Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, California, USA. 4. Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Paris. 5. INSERM U1219, INRIA SISTM, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux. 6. Département de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Toulouse. 7. Département de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris. 8. Département de Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne. 9. Département de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Avicenne, APHP. 10. Agence Nationale Française de Recherche sur le Sida et les Hépatite Virales (ANRS). 11. Hôpital Henri Mondor, APHP, INSERM U955, Paris, France.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the timing and level of HIV rebound in blood and seminal plasma and to characterize the HIV rebounding populations after antiretroviral treatment interruption (ATI) in HIV-1-infected participants enrolled in a therapeutic vaccine trial. DESIGN: A 12-week (W) ATI period was proposed at W36 to patients enrolled in the VRI02/ANRS149-LIGHT trial. Paired blood and semen samples were collected before (W32 or W36) and during ATI (W38, W40, W42, W44, and W48). METHODS:HIV-RNA and HIV-DNA were quantified sequentially from blood and semen samples. Ultradeep sequencing (UDS; Roche/454) of partial env HIV-DNA/RNA (C2V3) was performed in both compartments. RESULTS: HIV-RNA rebounded in blood plasma and seminal plasma of all ten participants after ATI [median peak of 5.12 log10 cp/ml (range: 4.61-6.35) and 4.26 log10 cp/ml (3.20-4.67), respectively]. HIV-RNA rebound was detected in blood plasma as soon as W38 in 8/10 patients, and in seminal plasma between W38 and W40 in 8/10 patients. Phylogenetic approaches showed intermingled HIV-RNA populations from plasma and semen during ATI, suggesting a lack of viral compartmentalization between blood and semen. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate rapid and high HIV rebound in semen after ATI, raising concerns about high risk of HIV sexual transmission during HIV cure trials.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the timing and level of HIV rebound in blood and seminal plasma and to characterize the HIV rebounding populations after antiretroviral treatment interruption (ATI) in HIV-1-infectedparticipants enrolled in a therapeutic vaccine trial. DESIGN: A 12-week (W) ATI period was proposed at W36 to patients enrolled in the VRI02/ANRS149-LIGHT trial. Paired blood and semen samples were collected before (W32 or W36) and during ATI (W38, W40, W42, W44, and W48). METHODS: HIV-RNA and HIV-DNA were quantified sequentially from blood and semen samples. Ultradeep sequencing (UDS; Roche/454) of partial env HIV-DNA/RNA (C2V3) was performed in both compartments. RESULTS: HIV-RNA rebounded in blood plasma and seminal plasma of all ten participants after ATI [median peak of 5.12 log10 cp/ml (range: 4.61-6.35) and 4.26 log10 cp/ml (3.20-4.67), respectively]. HIV-RNA rebound was detected in blood plasma as soon as W38 in 8/10 patients, and in seminal plasma between W38 and W40 in 8/10 patients. Phylogenetic approaches showed intermingled HIV-RNA populations from plasma and semen during ATI, suggesting a lack of viral compartmentalization between blood and semen. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate rapid and high HIV rebound in semen after ATI, raising concerns about high risk of HIV sexual transmission during HIV cure trials.
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