Bahar Azemati1,2, Roya Kelishadi3, Zeinab Ahadi1, Gita Shafiee1, MajZoubeh Taheri4, Hasan Ziaodini5, Mostafa Qorbani6,7, Ramin Heshmat8. 1. Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Next to Shariati Hospital, Jalal Al Ahmad Highway, Tehran, 1411713136, Iran. 2. Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA. 3. Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 4. Office of Adolescents and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. 5. Health Psychology Department, Research Center of Education Ministry Studies, Tehran, Iran. 6. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. mqorbani1379@yahoo.com. 7. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mqorbani1379@yahoo.com. 8. Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Next to Shariati Hospital, Jalal Al Ahmad Highway, Tehran, 1411713136, Iran. rheshmat@tums.ac.ir.
Abstract
AIMS: Only a few studies have attempted to assess the relationship between junk food consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranian children and adolescents; therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the association between junk food intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in this population. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS: A total of 14,400 students were selected from 30 provinces of Iran using multistage, stratified cluster sampling method. Information about student's lifestyle, health behaviors and health status was obtained through a validated questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured and anthropometric indices were calculated. Blood samples were drawn from 3,303 students for biochemical tests. In our study, sugar-sweetened beverages, salty snacks, sweets and fast foods were considered as junk foods. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 12.42 ± 2.97 years. Those with metabolic syndrome were more likely to live in urban areas (P = 0.004) and have higher BMI (P < 0.0001). Junk food intake was not related to metabolic syndrome; however, it was associated with increased odds of high BP (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.09, 1.39), high SBP (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09, 1.75), and high DBP (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.35), overweight (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08, 1.39) and excess weight (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04, 1.25). CONCLUSIONS: Junk food consumption plays an important role in childhood overweight and is related to high blood pressure in this population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, case-control analytic studies.
AIMS: Only a few studies have attempted to assess the relationship between junk food consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranian children and adolescents; therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the association between junk food intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in this population. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS: A total of 14,400 students were selected from 30 provinces of Iran using multistage, stratified cluster sampling method. Information about student's lifestyle, health behaviors and health status was obtained through a validated questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured and anthropometric indices were calculated. Blood samples were drawn from 3,303 students for biochemical tests. In our study, sugar-sweetened beverages, salty snacks, sweets and fast foods were considered as junk foods. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 12.42 ± 2.97 years. Those with metabolic syndrome were more likely to live in urban areas (P = 0.004) and have higher BMI (P < 0.0001). Junk food intake was not related to metabolic syndrome; however, it was associated with increased odds of high BP (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.09, 1.39), high SBP (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09, 1.75), and high DBP (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.35), overweight (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08, 1.39) and excess weight (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04, 1.25). CONCLUSIONS: Junk food consumption plays an important role in childhood overweight and is related to high blood pressure in this population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, case-control analytic studies.
Authors: Mordecai P Blaustein; Jin Zhang; Ling Chen; Bruce P Hamilton Journal: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Date: 2006-03 Impact factor: 3.619
Authors: Suzanne E Dorfman; Didier Laurent; John S Gounarides; Xue Li; Tara L Mullarkey; Erik C Rocheford; Farid Sari-Sarraf; Erica A Hirsch; Thomas E Hughes; S Renee Commerford Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) Date: 2009-02-19 Impact factor: 5.002