Ischemic heart disease in Latin American women current perspective and call to action.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute the main cause of death in Latin America (LA), with ischemic heart disease (IHD) as the principal cause in most countries. Women are particularly at risk of premature death by CVDs. Nevertheless, in LA, as in other parts of the world, there is a misconception at public level of the importance of CVDs in women; thus, CVDs do not get as much coverage as breast cancer campaigns. Women frequently have atypical symptoms and nonobstructive coronary artery disease as well as inequity in medical and interventional treatments; therefore, care should be built upon these differences. We show the epidemiological situation of IHD in LA women and present a strategy to face the problem, considering the control of risk factors, the optimized utilization of available resources, and the role of research. The role of the International Atomic Energy Agency is highlighted. To adequately face the problem of CVD in LA women, a coordinated approach is necessary, involving medical professionals, governments, scientific societies, and international organizations, as well as the population concerned. In low- and middle-income countries, where the best use of available financial and technological resources is mandatory, a clinical management combining prevention, guidelines, and clinical judgment is required.