Jacob Holmer1, Maria Eriksdotter2,3, Marianne Schultzberg4, Pirkko J Pussinen5, Kåre Buhlin1. 1. Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. 2. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 3. Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. 4. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 5. Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
AIMS: To test the hypothesis that periodontal disease contributes to increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study was conducted over a 3-year period in the municipality of Huddinge, Sweden. In total, 154 cases were consecutively enrolled from the Karolinska Memory Clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital and allotted to three diagnostic groups: AD, MCI and SCD, collectively referred to as "cases." Seventy-six cognitively healthy age- and gender-matched controls were randomly sampled through the Swedish population register. All cases and controls underwent clinical and radiographic oral examinations. Statistical analysis was based on logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Poor oral health and marginal alveolar bone loss were more prevalent among cases than among controls. The cases group was associated with generalized marginal alveolar bone loss (odds ratio [OR] = 5.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-29.68), increased number of deep periodontal pockets (OR = 8.43; CI 4.00-17.76) and dental caries (OR = 3.36; CI 1.20-9.43). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that marginal periodontitis is associated with early cognitive impairment and AD. However, the study design does not preclude noncausal explanations.
AIMS: To test the hypothesis that periodontal disease contributes to increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study was conducted over a 3-year period in the municipality of Huddinge, Sweden. In total, 154 cases were consecutively enrolled from the Karolinska Memory Clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital and allotted to three diagnostic groups: AD, MCI and SCD, collectively referred to as "cases." Seventy-six cognitively healthy age- and gender-matched controls were randomly sampled through the Swedish population register. All cases and controls underwent clinical and radiographic oral examinations. Statistical analysis was based on logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Poor oral health and marginal alveolar bone loss were more prevalent among cases than among controls. The cases group was associated with generalized marginal alveolar bone loss (odds ratio [OR] = 5.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-29.68), increased number of deep periodontal pockets (OR = 8.43; CI 4.00-17.76) and dental caries (OR = 3.36; CI 1.20-9.43). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that marginal periodontitis is associated with early cognitive impairment and AD. However, the study design does not preclude noncausal explanations.
Authors: Hamdi S Adam; Kamakshi Lakshminarayan; Wendy Wang; Faye L Norby; Thomas Mosley; Keenan A Walker; Rebecca F Gottesman; Katie Meyer; Timothy M Hughes; James S Pankow; Dean F Wong; Clifford R Jack; Souvik Sen; Pamela L Lutsey; Jim Beck; Ryan T Demmer Journal: J Clin Periodontol Date: 2022-01-27 Impact factor: 8.728
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