Hamdi S Adam1, Kamakshi Lakshminarayan1, Wendy Wang1, Faye L Norby2, Thomas Mosley3, Keenan A Walker4, Rebecca F Gottesman5, Katie Meyer6, Timothy M Hughes7, James S Pankow1, Dean F Wong8, Clifford R Jack9, Souvik Sen10, Pamela L Lutsey1, Jim Beck11, Ryan T Demmer1,12. 1. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. 2. Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 3. Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. 4. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 5. Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 6. Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. 7. Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. 8. Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. 9. Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. 10. Department of Neurology, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA. 11. Division of Comprehensive Oral Health - Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. 12. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Abstract
AIM: We investigate if periodontal disease is prospectively associated with cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative markers of dementia and Alzheimer's pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: N = 1306 participants (Visit 5 mean age = 76.5 [standard deviation = 5.4] years) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study with completed dental exams at Visit 4 underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scans at Visit 5 while N = 248 underwent positron emission tomography scans. Participants were classified as edentulous or, among the dentate, by the modified Periodontal Profile Class. Brain volumes were regressed on periodontal status in linear regressions. Cerebrovascular measures and β-amyloid positivity were regressed on periodontal status in logistic regressions. RESULTS: Periodontal disease was not associated with brain volumes, microhaemorrhages, or elevated β-amyloid. Compared with periodontally healthy individuals, odds ratios [95% confidence interval] for all-type infarcts were 0.37 [0.20, 0.65] for severe tooth loss and 0.56 [0.31, 0.99] for edentulous participants. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, periodontal disease was not associated with altered brain volumes, microhaemorrhages, or β-amyloid positivity. Tooth loss was associated with lower odds of cerebral infarcts.
AIM: We investigate if periodontal disease is prospectively associated with cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative markers of dementia and Alzheimer's pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: N = 1306 participants (Visit 5 mean age = 76.5 [standard deviation = 5.4] years) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study with completed dental exams at Visit 4 underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scans at Visit 5 while N = 248 underwent positron emission tomography scans. Participants were classified as edentulous or, among the dentate, by the modified Periodontal Profile Class. Brain volumes were regressed on periodontal status in linear regressions. Cerebrovascular measures and β-amyloid positivity were regressed on periodontal status in logistic regressions. RESULTS: Periodontal disease was not associated with brain volumes, microhaemorrhages, or elevated β-amyloid. Compared with periodontally healthy individuals, odds ratios [95% confidence interval] for all-type infarcts were 0.37 [0.20, 0.65] for severe tooth loss and 0.56 [0.31, 0.99] for edentulous participants. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, periodontal disease was not associated with altered brain volumes, microhaemorrhages, or β-amyloid positivity. Tooth loss was associated with lower odds of cerebral infarcts.
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