Michael Asamoah-Boaheng1,2, Osei Sarfo-Kantanka3, Anthony Boaheng Tuffour4, Benjamin Eghan5, Jean Claude Mbanya6. 1. Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada. 2. Institute of Research, Innovation and Development, Kumasi Technical University, Kumasi, Ghana. 3. Directorate of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. 4. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), TfL Engineering, Transport for London, London, UK. 5. Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana. 6. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde, Cameroon.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence and risk factors for diabetes in Ghana vary from location to location, yet no study has been conducted to quantitatively synthesize the available studies. METHODS: The authors conducted a comprehensive literature search in Medline (PubMed), Embase, Cinahl, Web of Science, Scopus, African journals and grey literature. Two reviewers screened the articles for relevance, identified and selected studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was independently assessed, using two validated assessment-of-bias tools. We explored study heterogeneity and performed a publication bias check. RESULTS: This search yielded a total of 624 articles, of which 17 studies were finally selected for the qualitative review and 12 studies included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adult Ghanaians was high at 6.46% (95% CI: 4.66-8.26%) based on the inverse-variance random-effects model. Significant risk factors associated with diabetes were a family history of diabetes (OR: 3.46, 95% CI: 2.50-4.78), physical inactivity (OR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.66-5.64) and age ≥40 years (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.77-3.16). CONCLUSION: Studies with high methodological quality provided sufficient evidence about diabetes prevalence among adults and the associated significant risk factors in Ghana.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence and risk factors for diabetes in Ghana vary from location to location, yet no study has been conducted to quantitatively synthesize the available studies. METHODS: The authors conducted a comprehensive literature search in Medline (PubMed), Embase, Cinahl, Web of Science, Scopus, African journals and grey literature. Two reviewers screened the articles for relevance, identified and selected studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was independently assessed, using two validated assessment-of-bias tools. We explored study heterogeneity and performed a publication bias check. RESULTS: This search yielded a total of 624 articles, of which 17 studies were finally selected for the qualitative review and 12 studies included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adult Ghanaians was high at 6.46% (95% CI: 4.66-8.26%) based on the inverse-variance random-effects model. Significant risk factors associated with diabetes were a family history of diabetes (OR: 3.46, 95% CI: 2.50-4.78), physical inactivity (OR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.66-5.64) and age ≥40 years (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.77-3.16). CONCLUSION: Studies with high methodological quality provided sufficient evidence about diabetes prevalence among adults and the associated significant risk factors in Ghana.
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