Young Shin Hong1, Ji Yeon Choi1, Eun Yeong Nho1, In Min Hwang1, Naeem Khan2, Nargis Jamila3, Kyong Su Kim1. 1. Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. 2. Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. 3. Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Citrus fruits are widely consumed around the world. Several elements are known to have important physiological functions in living things, whereas others are reported to have toxic effects. This study was aimed to analyze the concentration of macro, micro and trace elements in citrus fruit varieties. Samples were acid digested using a microwave system and analyzed for macro elements by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and for micro and trace elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The application of analytical techniques was analyzed by determining method validation parameters including limits of detection and quantification, linearity, precision, spiking experiments and analyzing certified reference material (NIST CRM-1570a), Spinach leaves. RESULTS: The elemental levels of citrus fruits were found largely to be dependent upon the type of analyzed samples. Among nutritionally important elements, citrus fruits were good sources of potassium (95.13-270.4 mg kg-1 ), calcium (10.57-75.29 mg kg-1 ), zinc (466.5-1611 µg kg-1 ) and manganese (35.35-1902 µg kg-1 ). The concentrations of toxic elements (Pb, Cd, As, Al, Hg) were very low. CONCLUSION: In general, the concentrations of analyzed elements were within the critical levels specified by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization and Food and Nutrition Board USA. Linear discriminant analysis successfully separated the samples into clear groups with 93.9% correct classification.
BACKGROUND: Citrus fruits are widely consumed around the world. Several elements are known to have important physiological functions in living things, whereas others are reported to have toxic effects. This study was aimed to analyze the concentration of macro, micro and trace elements in citrus fruit varieties. Samples were acid digested using a microwave system and analyzed for macro elements by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and for micro and trace elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The application of analytical techniques was analyzed by determining method validation parameters including limits of detection and quantification, linearity, precision, spiking experiments and analyzing certified reference material (NIST CRM-1570a), Spinach leaves. RESULTS: The elemental levels of citrus fruits were found largely to be dependent upon the type of analyzed samples. Among nutritionally important elements, citrus fruits were good sources of potassium (95.13-270.4 mg kg-1 ), calcium (10.57-75.29 mg kg-1 ), zinc (466.5-1611 µg kg-1 ) and manganese (35.35-1902 µg kg-1 ). The concentrations of toxic elements (Pb, Cd, As, Al, Hg) were very low. CONCLUSION: In general, the concentrations of analyzed elements were within the critical levels specified by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization and Food and Nutrition Board USA. Linear discriminant analysis successfully separated the samples into clear groups with 93.9% correct classification.