Aneta Sitek1, Sławomir Kozieł2, Anna Kasielska-Trojan3, Bogusław Antoszewski3. 1. Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. 2. Department of Anthropology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland. 3. Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: In most human populations women are less pigmented than men. However, before puberty, boys tend to have lighter skin than girls. Previous research has shown that skin pigmentation in European women is negatively correlated with digit ratio (2D:4D). Therefore, it has been hypothesized that skin pigmentation in females is partially controlled by prenatal hormones. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between 2D:4D and pigmentation in girls and boys in the prepubertal or early pubertal stages of ontogenesis. METHODS: The study group consisted of 598 Polish children (275 boys), aged 6.5-10.5 years. All underwent spectrophotometric measurements of skin and hair melanin index (SMI and HMI) and had the second and the fourth finger on both hands measured directly. RESULTS: SMI (in girls) and HMI (in girls and boys) were positively correlated with age but 2D:4D was not. We regressed SMI and HMI on age and used the residuals as a measure of age-independent pigmentation. In girls, positive correlations were found between resSMI and 2D:4D for the right hand, but there was no correlation with left 2D:4D. In boys, resSMI did not correlate with 2D:4D. The resHMI was not related to 2D:4D in girls or boys. CONCLUSION: Skin pigmentation in prepubertal or early pubertal girls is related to 2D:4D such that high 2D:4D is associated with higher pigmentation. This relationship may be mediated by the individual rate of sexual maturation.
OBJECTIVES: In most human populations women are less pigmented than men. However, before puberty, boys tend to have lighter skin than girls. Previous research has shown that skin pigmentation in European women is negatively correlated with digit ratio (2D:4D). Therefore, it has been hypothesized that skin pigmentation in females is partially controlled by prenatal hormones. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between 2D:4D and pigmentation in girls and boys in the prepubertal or early pubertal stages of ontogenesis. METHODS: The study group consisted of 598 Polish children (275 boys), aged 6.5-10.5 years. All underwent spectrophotometric measurements of skin and hair melanin index (SMI and HMI) and had the second and the fourth finger on both hands measured directly. RESULTS: SMI (in girls) and HMI (in girls and boys) were positively correlated with age but 2D:4D was not. We regressed SMI and HMI on age and used the residuals as a measure of age-independent pigmentation. In girls, positive correlations were found between resSMI and 2D:4D for the right hand, but there was no correlation with left 2D:4D. In boys, resSMI did not correlate with 2D:4D. The resHMI was not related to 2D:4D in girls or boys. CONCLUSION:Skin pigmentation in prepubertal or early pubertal girls is related to 2D:4D such that high 2D:4D is associated with higher pigmentation. This relationship may be mediated by the individual rate of sexual maturation.