Paloma Laguna1, Nicolás Roberto Robles2,3, Juan Lopez Gomez4, Sergio Barroso5, Gabriel Collado1. 1. Servicio de Cirugía Vascular, Unidad de Hipertensión Arterial, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Carretera de Portugal s/n., 06070, Badajoz, Spain. 2. Unidad de Hipertensión Arterial, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Carretera de Portugal s/n., 06070, Badajoz, Spain. nrrobles@yahoo.es. 3. Cátedra de Riesgo Cardiovascular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. nrrobles@yahoo.es. 4. Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain. 5. Unidad de Hipertensión Arterial, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Carretera de Portugal s/n., 06070, Badajoz, Spain.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement is usually seen as a surrogate marker of peripheral artery disease (PAD) but there is scarce cumulated evidence to support this view. AIM: To evaluate prevalence of increased IMT among patients with symptomatic PAD as well as the frequency of some cardiovascular risk factors in these patients. METHODS: They were recruited 230 patients with diagnosis of medium peripheral artery disease in the Vascular Surgery Service outpatient's office. Serum cystatin C, homocysteine, and lipoprotein (a) were measured. GFR was estimated using the CKD-EPI equation and the Larsson one from cystatin C. RESULTS: The global prevalence of increased IMT was 16.5% (n = 38, 95% CI 12.3-21.9). In all the frequency of hyperlipoproteinemia (a) was 34.2% (95% CI 28.4-40.5%). The global prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia was 61.5% (95% CI 54.6-68.1%) and the proportion of patients with high cystatin C levels was 38.5% (95% CI 32.1-42.5). The prevalence of stage III chronic kidney disease or higher by CKD-EPI formula was much lesser (13.6%, 95% CI 9.7-18.7) as was the frequency obtained by the Larsson equation (28.7%, 95% CI 23.2-34.9). No differences were found between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Increased IMT is not common among PAD patients. Hyperlipoproteinemia (a) and hyperhomocysteinemia are very frequent in these patients. High serum cystatin levels are also very prevalent but reduced GFR is not so frequent. There were no differences in the prevalence of the studied cardiovascular risk factors between those patients with increased IMT and those ones with normal IMT.
INTRODUCTION: Increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement is usually seen as a surrogate marker of peripheral artery disease (PAD) but there is scarce cumulated evidence to support this view. AIM: To evaluate prevalence of increased IMT among patients with symptomatic PAD as well as the frequency of some cardiovascular risk factors in these patients. METHODS: They were recruited 230 patients with diagnosis of medium peripheral artery disease in the Vascular Surgery Service outpatient's office. Serum cystatin C, homocysteine, and lipoprotein (a) were measured. GFR was estimated using the CKD-EPI equation and the Larsson one from cystatin C. RESULTS: The global prevalence of increased IMT was 16.5% (n = 38, 95% CI 12.3-21.9). In all the frequency of hyperlipoproteinemia (a) was 34.2% (95% CI 28.4-40.5%). The global prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia was 61.5% (95% CI 54.6-68.1%) and the proportion of patients with high cystatin C levels was 38.5% (95% CI 32.1-42.5). The prevalence of stage III chronic kidney disease or higher by CKD-EPI formula was much lesser (13.6%, 95% CI 9.7-18.7) as was the frequency obtained by the Larsson equation (28.7%, 95% CI 23.2-34.9). No differences were found between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Increased IMT is not common among PAD patients. Hyperlipoproteinemia (a) and hyperhomocysteinemia are very frequent in these patients. High serum cystatin levels are also very prevalent but reduced GFR is not so frequent. There were no differences in the prevalence of the studied cardiovascular risk factors between those patients with increased IMT and those ones with normal IMT.
Authors: Arpita Basu; Alicia J Jenkins; Julie A Stoner; Suzanne R Thorpe; Richard L Klein; Maria F Lopes-Virella; W Timothy Garvey; Timothy J Lyons Journal: Atherosclerosis Date: 2014-07-15 Impact factor: 5.162
Authors: Anja Laschkolnig; Barbara Kollerits; Claudia Lamina; Christa Meisinger; Barbara Rantner; Marietta Stadler; Annette Peters; Wolfgang Koenig; Andrea Stöckl; Doreen Dähnhardt; Carsten A Böger; Bernhard K Krämer; Gustav Fraedrich; Konstantin Strauch; Florian Kronenberg Journal: Cardiovasc Res Date: 2014-04-22 Impact factor: 10.787
Authors: Giuseppe Mancia; Robert Fagard; Krzysztof Narkiewicz; Josep Redon; Alberto Zanchetti; Michael Böhm; Thierry Christiaens; Renata Cifkova; Guy De Backer; Anna Dominiczak; Maurizio Galderisi; Diederick E Grobbee; Tiny Jaarsma; Paulus Kirchhof; Sverre E Kjeldsen; Stéphane Laurent; Athanasios J Manolis; Peter M Nilsson; Luis Miguel Ruilope; Roland E Schmieder; Per Anton Sirnes; Peter Sleight; Margus Viigimaa; Bernard Waeber; Faiez Zannad; Josep Redon; Anna Dominiczak; Krzysztof Narkiewicz; Peter M Nilsson; Michel Burnier; Margus Viigimaa; Ettore Ambrosioni; Mark Caufield; Antonio Coca; Michael Hecht Olsen; Roland E Schmieder; Costas Tsioufis; Philippe van de Borne; Jose Luis Zamorano; Stephan Achenbach; Helmut Baumgartner; Jeroen J Bax; Héctor Bueno; Veronica Dean; Christi Deaton; Cetin Erol; Robert Fagard; Roberto Ferrari; David Hasdai; Arno W Hoes; Paulus Kirchhof; Juhani Knuuti; Philippe Kolh; Patrizio Lancellotti; Ales Linhart; Petros Nihoyannopoulos; Massimo F Piepoli; Piotr Ponikowski; Per Anton Sirnes; Juan Luis Tamargo; Michal Tendera; Adam Torbicki; William Wijns; Stephan Windecker; Denis L Clement; Antonio Coca; Thierry C Gillebert; Michal Tendera; Enrico Agabiti Rosei; Ettore Ambrosioni; Stefan D Anker; Johann Bauersachs; Jana Brguljan Hitij; Mark Caulfield; Marc De Buyzere; Sabina De Geest; Geneviève Anne Derumeaux; Serap Erdine; Csaba Farsang; Christian Funck-Brentano; Vjekoslav Gerc; Giuseppe Germano; Stephan Gielen; Herman Haller; Arno W Hoes; Jens Jordan; Thomas Kahan; Michel Komajda; Dragan Lovic; Heiko Mahrholdt; Michael Hecht Olsen; Jan Ostergren; Gianfranco Parati; Joep Perk; Jorge Polonia; Bogdan A Popescu; Zeljko Reiner; Lars Rydén; Yuriy Sirenko; Alice Stanton; Harry Struijker-Boudier; Costas Tsioufis; Philippe van de Borne; Charalambos Vlachopoulos; Massimo Volpe; David A Wood Journal: Eur Heart J Date: 2013-06-14 Impact factor: 29.983