Yi-Hsin Liu1, M Hesse2,3, P A Cassak4, M A Shay5, S Wang6, L-J Chen6,7. 1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA. 2. Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 3. Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. 4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA. 5. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA. 6. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. 7. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
Abstract
A prediction of the steady state reconnection electric field in asymmetric reconnection is obtained by maximizing the reconnection rate as a function of the opening angle made by the upstream magnetic field on the weak magnetic field (magnetosheath) side. The prediction is within a factor of 2 of the widely examined asymmetric reconnection model (Cassak & Shay, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2795630) in the collisionless limit, and they scale the same over a wide parameter regime. The previous model had the effective aspect ratio of the diffusion region as a free parameter, which simulations and observations suggest is on the order of 0.1, but the present model has no free parameters. In conjunction with the symmetric case (Liu et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.085101), this work further suggests that this nearly universal number 0.1, essentially the normalized fast-reconnection rate, is a geometrical factor arising from maximizing the reconnection rate within magnetohydrodynamic-scale constraints. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: To understand the evolution of many space and astrophysical plasmas, it is imperative to know how fast magnetic reconnection processes the magnetic flux. Researchers found that reconnection in both symmetric and asymmetric geometries exhibits a normalized reconnection rate of order 0.1. In this work, we show that this nearly universal value in asymmetric geometry is also the maximal rate allowed in the magnetohydrodynamic scale. This result has applications to the transport process at plasma boundary layers like Earth's magnetopause.
A prediction of the steady state reconnection electric field in asymmetric reconnection is obtained by maximizing the reconnection rate as a function of the opening angle made by the upstream magnetic field on the weak magnetic field (magnetosheath) side. The prediction is within a factor of 2 of the widely examined asymmetric reconnection model (Cassak & Shay, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2795630) in the collisionless limit, and they scale the same over a wide parameter regime. The previous model had the effective aspect ratio of the diffusion region as a free parameter, which simulations and observations suggest is on the order of 0.1, but the present model has no free parameters. In conjunction with the symmetric case (Liu et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.085101), this work further suggests that this nearly universal number 0.1, essentially the normalized fast-reconnection rate, is a geometrical factor arising from maximizing the reconnection rate within magnetohydrodynamic-scale constraints. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: To understand the evolution of many space and astrophysical plasmas, it is imperative to know how fast magnetic reconnection processes the magnetic flux. Researchers found that reconnection in both symmetric and asymmetric geometries exhibits a normalized reconnection rate of order 0.1. In this work, we show that this nearly universal value in asymmetric geometry is also the maximal rate allowed in the magnetohydrodynamic scale. This result has applications to the transport process at plasma boundary layers like Earth's magnetopause.
Authors: A Vaivads; Y Khotyaintsev; M André; A Retinò; S C Buchert; B N Rogers; P Décréau; G Paschmann; T D Phan Journal: Phys Rev Lett Date: 2004-08-31 Impact factor: 9.161
Authors: R E Ergun; K A Goodrich; F D Wilder; J C Holmes; J E Stawarz; S Eriksson; A P Sturner; D M Malaspina; M E Usanova; R B Torbert; P-A Lindqvist; Y Khotyaintsev; J L Burch; R J Strangeway; C T Russell; C J Pollock; B L Giles; M Hesse; L J Chen; G Lapenta; M V Goldman; D L Newman; S J Schwartz; J P Eastwood; T D Phan; F S Mozer; J Drake; M A Shay; P A Cassak; R Nakamura; G Marklund Journal: Phys Rev Lett Date: 2016-06-10 Impact factor: 9.161