Adam Trickey1, Margaret T May2, Vivian Hope3, Zoe Ward4, Monica Desai5, Ellen Heinsbroek5, Matthew Hickman4, Peter Vickerman4. 1. Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Beacon House, Queens Road, Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU), Evaluation of Interventions, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK. Electronic address: adam.trickey@bristol.ac.uk. 2. National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU), Evaluation of Interventions, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, UK. 3. Liverpool John Moores University, 70 Mount Pleasant, Liverpool L3 5UA, UK; HIV and STI Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK. 4. Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Beacon House, Queens Road, Bristol, BS8 1QU, UK; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU), Evaluation of Interventions, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK. 5. HIV and STI Department, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Syringes with attached needles (low dead space syringes [LDSS]) retain far less blood following injection than syringes with detachable needles (high dead space syringes [HDSS]). People who inject drugs (PWID) who share needles/syringes may be less likely to acquire Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection using LDSS, compared with HDSS, but data are limited. METHODS: Utilizing drug behavior and HCV antibody testing data from the UK 2014/2015 Unlinked Anonymous Monitoring Survey of PWID, we calculated the percentage of syringes used in the past month that were LDSS. We investigated which injecting characteristics and demographic factors were associated with 100% LDSS (against 0-99%) usage, and whether 100% LDSS use was associated with antibody HCV-status, after adjusting for confounders. RESULT: Of 2174 participants, 55% always used LDSS, 27% always used HDSS, and 17% used both LDSS and HDSS. PWID that had injected into their groin during the past month were unlikely to use LDSS, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.14 (95% confidence interval 0.11-0.17), compared to those not using the groin. Those injecting crack were less likely to use LDSS than those not, aOR 0.79 (0.63-0.98). Polydrug use was negatively associated with LDSS use, aOR 0.88 (0.79-0.98) per additional drug. LDSS use was associated with lower prevalent HCV among all PWID (aOR 0.77, [0.64-0.93]), which was stronger among recent initiates (aOR 0.53 [0.30-0.94]) than among experienced PWID (aOR 0.81 [0.66-0.99]). DISCUSSION: People who inject into their groin were less likely to use LDSS. Exclusive LDSS use was associated with lower prevalence of HCV amongst PWID that started injecting recently, suggesting LDSS use is protective against HCV.
INTRODUCTION: Syringes with attached needles (low dead space syringes [LDSS]) retain far less blood following injection than syringes with detachable needles (high dead space syringes [HDSS]). People who inject drugs (PWID) who share needles/syringes may be less likely to acquire Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection using LDSS, compared with HDSS, but data are limited. METHODS: Utilizing drug behavior and HCV antibody testing data from the UK 2014/2015 Unlinked Anonymous Monitoring Survey of PWID, we calculated the percentage of syringes used in the past month that were LDSS. We investigated which injecting characteristics and demographic factors were associated with 100% LDSS (against 0-99%) usage, and whether 100% LDSS use was associated with antibody HCV-status, after adjusting for confounders. RESULT: Of 2174 participants, 55% always used LDSS, 27% always used HDSS, and 17% used both LDSS and HDSS. PWID that had injected into their groin during the past month were unlikely to use LDSS, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.14 (95% confidence interval 0.11-0.17), compared to those not using the groin. Those injecting crack were less likely to use LDSS than those not, aOR 0.79 (0.63-0.98). Polydrug use was negatively associated with LDSS use, aOR 0.88 (0.79-0.98) per additional drug. LDSS use was associated with lower prevalent HCV among all PWID (aOR 0.77, [0.64-0.93]), which was stronger among recent initiates (aOR 0.53 [0.30-0.94]) than among experienced PWID (aOR 0.81 [0.66-0.99]). DISCUSSION: People who inject into their groin were less likely to use LDSS. Exclusive LDSS use was associated with lower prevalence of HCV amongst PWID that started injecting recently, suggesting LDSS use is protective against HCV.
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