Wei Cheng1, Edmund T Rolls2, Jiang Qiu3, Deyu Yang4, Hongtao Ruan5, Dongtao Wei6, Libo Zhao7, Jie Meng6, Peng Xie8, Jianfeng Feng9. 1. Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Statistics, School of Management, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. 2. Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, United Kingdom. Electronic address: edmund.rolls@oxcns.org. 3. Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China. 4. Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. 5. Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. 6. Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China. 7. Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. 8. Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. Electronic address: xiepeng@cqmu.edu.cn. 9. Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The precuneus has connectivity with brain systems implicated in depression. METHODS: We performed the first fully voxel-level resting-state functional connectivity (FC) neuroimaging analysis of depression of the precuneus, with 282 patients with major depressive disorder and 254 control subjects. RESULTS: In 125 unmedicated patients, voxels in the precuneus had significantly increased FC with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, a region implicated in nonreward that is thereby implicated in depression. FC was also increased in depression between the precuneus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, and angular and supramarginal areas. In patients receiving medication, the FC between the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and precuneus was decreased back toward that in the control subjects. In the 254 control subjects, parcellation revealed superior anterior, superior posterior, and inferior subdivisions, with the inferior subdivision having high connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, angular gyrus, and prefrontal cortex. It was the ventral subdivision of the precuneus that had increased connectivity in depression with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and adjoining inferior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the theory that the system in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex implicated in the response to nonreceipt of expected rewards has increased effects on areas in which the self is represented, such as the precuneus. This may result in low self-esteem in depression. The increased connectivity of the precuneus with the prefrontal cortex short-term memory system may contribute to the rumination about low self-esteem in depression. These findings provide evidence that a target to ameliorate depression is the lateral orbitofrontal cortex.
BACKGROUND: The precuneus has connectivity with brain systems implicated in depression. METHODS: We performed the first fully voxel-level resting-state functional connectivity (FC) neuroimaging analysis of depression of the precuneus, with 282 patients with major depressive disorder and 254 control subjects. RESULTS: In 125 unmedicated patients, voxels in the precuneus had significantly increased FC with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, a region implicated in nonreward that is thereby implicated in depression. FC was also increased in depression between the precuneus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, and angular and supramarginal areas. In patients receiving medication, the FC between the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and precuneus was decreased back toward that in the control subjects. In the 254 control subjects, parcellation revealed superior anterior, superior posterior, and inferior subdivisions, with the inferior subdivision having high connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, angular gyrus, and prefrontal cortex. It was the ventral subdivision of the precuneus that had increased connectivity in depression with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and adjoining inferior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the theory that the system in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex implicated in the response to nonreceipt of expected rewards has increased effects on areas in which the self is represented, such as the precuneus. This may result in low self-esteem in depression. The increased connectivity of the precuneus with the prefrontal cortex short-term memory system may contribute to the rumination about low self-esteem in depression. These findings provide evidence that a target to ameliorate depression is the lateral orbitofrontal cortex.
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