Jan Kehrmann1, Jannis Menzel1, Mohammadkarim Saeedghalati2, Rima Obeid3, Christina Schulze4, Volker Holzendorf5, Farnoush Farahpour2, Nico Reinsch6,7, Ludger Klein-Hitpass8, Handrik Streeck9, Daniel Hoffmann2, Jan Buer1, Stefan Esser4. 1. Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen. 2. Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen. 3. Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar. 4. Clinic for Dermatology and Venerology, University of Duisburg-Essen. 5. Clinical Trial Centre Leipzig, University of Leipzig. 6. Department of Internal Medicine I and Cardiology, Division of Electrophysiology, Alfried Krupp von Bohlen and Halbach Hospital, Essen. 7. Department of Cardiology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten. 8. Biochip Laboratory, Institute for Cell Biology-Tumor Research. 9. Institute for HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Abstract
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and is associated with perturbation of the gut microbiota. Methods: We analyzed gut microbiota in 30 HIV-infected individuals with CHD (CHD+) and 30 without CHD (CHD-) of the HIV-HEART study group. Results: Gut microbiota linked to CHD was associated with lower α-diversity. Despite insignificant differences in β-diversity, co-occurrence networks of bacterial genera clearly diverged between CHD+ and CHD- individuals. Multidimensional scaling separated HIV-infected individuals into 2 microbiome clusters, dominated by the genus Prevotella or Bacteroides. The relative abundance of 49 other genera was significantly different between both clusters. The Prevotella-rich cluster was largely composed of men who have sex with men (MSM) (97%), whereas the Bacteroides-rich cluster comprised both MSM (45%) and heterosexual individuals (55%). MSM of the Bacteroides-rich cluster were characterized by reduced α-diversity, advanced immunological HIV stage, longer antiretroviral therapy with more ART regimens, and longer use of protease inhibitors, compared with Prevotella-rich MSM. Conclusions: Community structures of gut microbiota rather than individual species might facilitate risk assessment of CHD in HIV-infected individuals. Sexual behavior appears to be an important factor affecting gut microbiota β-diversity and should be considered in future studies.
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and is associated with perturbation of the gut microbiota. Methods: We analyzed gut microbiota in 30 HIV-infected individuals with CHD (CHD+) and 30 without CHD (CHD-) of the HIV-HEART study group. Results: Gut microbiota linked to CHD was associated with lower α-diversity. Despite insignificant differences in β-diversity, co-occurrence networks of bacterial genera clearly diverged between CHD+ and CHD- individuals. Multidimensional scaling separated HIV-infected individuals into 2 microbiome clusters, dominated by the genus Prevotella or Bacteroides. The relative abundance of 49 other genera was significantly different between both clusters. The Prevotella-rich cluster was largely composed of men who have sex with men (MSM) (97%), whereas the Bacteroides-rich cluster comprised both MSM (45%) and heterosexual individuals (55%). MSM of the Bacteroides-rich cluster were characterized by reduced α-diversity, advanced immunological HIV stage, longer antiretroviral therapy with more ART regimens, and longer use of protease inhibitors, compared with Prevotella-rich MSM. Conclusions: Community structures of gut microbiota rather than individual species might facilitate risk assessment of CHD in HIV-infected individuals. Sexual behavior appears to be an important factor affecting gut microbiota β-diversity and should be considered in future studies.
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