Design and Integration of an Inexpensive Wearable Mechanotactile Feedback System for Myoelectric Prostheses.

The aim of this paper was to demonstrate the functionality of an inexpensive mechanotactile sensory feedback system for transhumeral myoelectric prostheses. We summarize the development of a tactile-integrated prosthesis, including 1) evaluation of sensors that were retrofit onto existing commercial terminal devices; 2) design of two custom mechanotactile tactors that were integrated into a socket without compromising suction suspension; 3) design of a modular controller which translated sensor input to tactor output, was wirelessly adjusted, and fit within a prosthetic forearm; and 4) evaluation of the system with a single transhumeral participant. Prosthesis functionality was demonstrated over three test sessions; the participant was able to identify tactor stimulation location and demonstrated a reduction in grasp force with the mechanotactile stimulation. This system offers an inexpensive and modular solution for integration of a mechanotactile sensory feedback system into a prosthetic socket without compromising the suction seal. These principles can be applied in future studies to investigate the direct impact of sensory feedback on tangible outcomes for prosthetic users, thereby reducing barriers to clinical translation.