Johanna Marie Richey1, Miranda Lucia Ritterman Weintraub2, John M Schuberth3. 1. 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaiser Antioch Medical Center, Antioch, CA, USA. 2. 2 Graduate Medical Education, Kaiser Permanente Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA. 3. 3 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaiser San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: : The incidence rate of venous thrombotic events (VTEs) following foot and ankle surgery is low. Currently, there is no consensus regarding postoperative prophylaxis or evidence to support risk stratification. METHODS: : A 2-part study assessing the incidence and factors for the development of VTE was conducted: (1) a retrospective observational cohort study of 22 486 adults to calculate the overall incidence following foot and/or ankle surgery from January 2008 to May 2011 and (2) a retrospective matched case-control study to identify risk factors for development of VTE postsurgery. One control per VTE case matched on age and sex was randomly selected from the remaining patients. RESULTS: : The overall incidence of VTE was 0.9%. Predictive risk factors in bivariate analyses included obesity, history of VTE, history of trauma, use of hormonal replacement or oral contraception therapy, anatomic location of surgery, procedure duration 60 minutes or more, general anesthesia, postoperative nonweightbearing immobilization greater than 2 weeks, and use of anticoagulation. When significant variables from bivariate analyses were placed into the multivariable regression model, 4 remained statistically significant: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for obesity, 6.1; history of VTE, 15.7; use of hormone replacement therapy, 8.9; and postoperative nonweightbearing immobilization greater than 2 weeks, 9.0. The risk of VTE increased significantly with 3 or more risk factors ( P = .001). CONCLUSION: : The overall low incidence of VTE following foot and ankle surgery does not support routine prophylaxis for all patients. Among patients with 3 or more risk factors, the use of chemoprophylaxis may be warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: Level III, retrospective case series.
BACKGROUND: : The incidence rate of venous thrombotic events (VTEs) following foot and ankle surgery is low. Currently, there is no consensus regarding postoperative prophylaxis or evidence to support risk stratification. METHODS: : A 2-part study assessing the incidence and factors for the development of VTE was conducted: (1) a retrospective observational cohort study of 22 486 adults to calculate the overall incidence following foot and/or ankle surgery from January 2008 to May 2011 and (2) a retrospective matched case-control study to identify risk factors for development of VTE postsurgery. One control per VTE case matched on age and sex was randomly selected from the remaining patients. RESULTS: : The overall incidence of VTE was 0.9%. Predictive risk factors in bivariate analyses included obesity, history of VTE, history of trauma, use of hormonal replacement or oral contraception therapy, anatomic location of surgery, procedure duration 60 minutes or more, general anesthesia, postoperative nonweightbearing immobilization greater than 2 weeks, and use of anticoagulation. When significant variables from bivariate analyses were placed into the multivariable regression model, 4 remained statistically significant: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for obesity, 6.1; history of VTE, 15.7; use of hormone replacement therapy, 8.9; and postoperative nonweightbearing immobilization greater than 2 weeks, 9.0. The risk of VTE increased significantly with 3 or more risk factors ( P = .001). CONCLUSION: : The overall low incidence of VTE following foot and ankle surgery does not support routine prophylaxis for all patients. Among patients with 3 or more risk factors, the use of chemoprophylaxis may be warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: Level III, retrospective case series.
Entities:
Keywords:
blood clots; deep vein thrombosis; pulmonary embolus; venous thromboprophylaxis
Authors: Henry Nwankwo; James Mason; Matthew L Costa; Nicholas Parsons; Anthony Redmond; Helen Parsons; Aminul Haque; Rebecca S Kearney Journal: Bone Jt Open Date: 2022-06
Authors: Inger Lise Gade; Søren Kold; Marianne T Severinsen; Kristian H Kragholm; Christian Torp-Pedersen; Søren R Kristensen; Signe J Riddersholm Journal: Res Pract Thromb Haemost Date: 2020-11-30