Formation of biofilm on various implant abutment materials.

The characteristics of prosthetic implant components, such as the type, material, and surface roughness of abutments, can affect biofilm formation. Since an ideal abutment surface for the reduction of bacterial adhesion has yet to be found, this in vitro study aimed to quantify biofilm formation on laser-treated titanium, zirconia, and titanium surfaces. Sterile titanium, zirconia, and laser-treated titanium discs were placed in sterile 48-well plates. Biofilm formation was induced by adding sterilized, unstimulated human saliva and suspensions of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) to the wells. Viable bacteria in the biofilm were quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction in conjunction with propidium monoazide. The disc material, the type of bacteria, and their interactions had significant effects on the bacterial counts. On all surfaces, the Pg count was significantly higher than both the Pi and Aa counts (P = 0.0001). The highest count of periodontal pathogens was found on laser-treated surfaces. The second highest and the lowest counts were found on zirconia and titanium surfaces, respectively.