Arian Pourmehdi Lahiji1, Tatianie Jackson1,2, Hossein Nejadnik1, Rie von Eyben3, Daniel Rubin1,4, Sheri L Spunt5, Andrew Quon6, Heike Daldrup-Link7,8. 1. The Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Rm 1665, Stanford, CA, 94305-5654, USA. 2. Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. 3. Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. 4. Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. 5. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. 6. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. 7. The Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Rm 1665, Stanford, CA, 94305-5654, USA. H.E.Daldrup-Link@stanford.edu. 8. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. H.E.Daldrup-Link@stanford.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the extent of restricted diffusion and 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) uptake of pediatric rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) on positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) images provides prognostic information. PROCEDURE: In a retrospective, IRB-approved study, we evaluated [18F]FDG PET/CT and diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging studies of 21 children and adolescents (age 1-20 years) with RMS of the head and neck. [18F]FDG PET and DW MR scans at the time of the initial tumor diagnosis were fused using MIM software. Quantitative measures of the tumor mass with restricted diffusion, [18F]FDG hypermetabolism, or both were dichotomized at the median and tested for significance using Gray's test. Data were analyzed using a survival analysis and competing risk model with death as the competing risk. RESULTS: [18F]FDG PET/MR images demonstrated a mismatch between tumor areas with increased [18F]FDG uptake and restricted diffusion. The DWI, PET, and DWI + PET tumor volumes were dichotomized at their median values, 23.7, 16.4, and 9.5 cm3, respectively, and were used to estimate survival. DWI, PET, and DWI + PET overlap tumor volumes above the cutoff values were associated with tumor recurrence, regardless of post therapy COG stage (p = 0.007, p = 0.04, and p = 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSION: The extent of restricted diffusion within RMS and overlap of hypermetabolism plus restricted diffusion predict unfavorable clinical outcomes.
PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the extent of restricted diffusion and 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) uptake of pediatric rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) on positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) images provides prognostic information. PROCEDURE: In a retrospective, IRB-approved study, we evaluated [18F]FDG PET/CT and diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging studies of 21 children and adolescents (age 1-20 years) with RMS of the head and neck. [18F]FDG PET and DW MR scans at the time of the initial tumor diagnosis were fused using MIM software. Quantitative measures of the tumor mass with restricted diffusion, [18F]FDGhypermetabolism, or both were dichotomized at the median and tested for significance using Gray's test. Data were analyzed using a survival analysis and competing risk model with death as the competing risk. RESULTS: [18F]FDG PET/MR images demonstrated a mismatch between tumor areas with increased [18F]FDG uptake and restricted diffusion. The DWI, PET, and DWI + PET tumor volumes were dichotomized at their median values, 23.7, 16.4, and 9.5 cm3, respectively, and were used to estimate survival. DWI, PET, and DWI + PET overlap tumor volumes above the cutoff values were associated with tumor recurrence, regardless of post therapy COG stage (p = 0.007, p = 0.04, and p = 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSION: The extent of restricted diffusion within RMS and overlap of hypermetabolism plus restricted diffusion predict unfavorable clinical outcomes.
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